{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/vx05x26m6r/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dr. Ben Herman on Arizona Weather"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona, box 1, reel 31"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Beach, Mort (interviewer)","Herman, Benjamin M. (Benjamin Morris), 1929- (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["5/27/1977"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Program topics - Dr. Ben Herman, University of Arizona Professor of Atmospheric Sciences, discusses Arizona weather."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio tape"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS641.031 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Program topics - Dr. Ben Herman, University of Arizona Professor of Atmospheric Sciences, discusses Arizona weather."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms641-031_side1_a.mp3"]},"duration":405.94605,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/480/original/azu_ms641-031_side1_a.mp3?1651790800","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":405.94605,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["641-031 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is accent on the University of Arizona. I'm Mark beech. This has been a most unusual year weather wise across the US record breaking cold weather in the eastern Midwest, drought conditions in parts of northern California and Dustbowl conditions and some of the states of the nation's Heartland. So far the state of Arizona has escaped the extremes of hot and cold, wet and dry. Dr. Ben Herman is a professor of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Arizona. Dr. Herman How would you summarize the year weather wise for the state of Arizona and the nation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=5.0,36.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: for the state of Arizona more, other than the real cool spring we've been having? I would say it was not too abnormal. For the nation as a whole, it was quite abnormal. But again, the only thing abnormal about the weather is that it is always abnormal. The averages are always made up of abnormalities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=37.0,52.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What about abnormalities within the state itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=53.0,56.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think the winter itself was not too much of a departure from normal this past year in Arizona. This spring. However, as we all know, it has been considerably colder than normal, probably as much as 10 or 12 degrees in some areas below normal. Now, the desert areas as an example, during the month of May, I think most areas have been averaging at least 10 degrees below normal. As far as their maximums are concerned, high temperatures, there has been just no 100 degree readings anywhere. And there has been a little bit of rain around deserts, which is almost unheard of this time of year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=57.0,87.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: what's produced these unusually cool conditions the spring,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=88.0,91.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: we have had a winter type situation in the upper atmospheric flow pattern, which, which means that there has been a deep trough of low pressure off to California coast and it has extended much further south than normal for this time of year. So that instead of being up off the Oregon Washington coast, it is extending all the way down the coast into southern California. This trough of low pressure is responsible for two things. Number one, it's bringing air from the north all the way down below Southern California, across Baja, and then up into Arizona. So the air is colder. And number two, it is picking up moisture in the long pass down the Pacific Ocean and up over the Gulf of California into Arizona. So it's been a little more moist than normal and certainly colder than normal. Does","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=92.0,133.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: that mean we're not going to get any hot weather this summer in Arizona?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=134.0,136.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I wish it did. I don't think so more. It doesn't fall because a spring is cold at the Summer will be hot or vice versa. If we have very hot spring that the summer will be hot the summer could be either way, if we have a Cold Spring, Summer may be absolutely normal could be colder than normal or hotter than normal. And I don't care to go out on a limb and say what it will be like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=137.0,155.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the desert areas of the state usually start getting their hot weather in June, don't they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=156.0,159.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: The hottest time of the year in the deserts is about the period from about the 15th of June to the 15th or so of July until the rainy season sets in. However in May we normally are experiencing by this time of year regular temperatures well up into the 90s in Tucson. And pretty pretty frequently over 100 from Phoenix West.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=160.0,179.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: There has been none of that this year. Where do we get our summer weather from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=180.0,184.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I presume you mean the the rainfall here. It's correct the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=185.0,186.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: monsoon type rains that we get each year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=187.0,189.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, there's a lot of people that will tell you that it always goes to the Gulf of Mexico and certainly frequently It does. It doesn't always come from there. However, it just as often or almost as often comes up from the South Pacific tropical Pacific regions south of Baja, either southwest of Baja, or the Pacific or in the Gulf of Gulf of California. So our source of moisture is the oceans to the south of us weather specific or goal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=190.0,215.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What about the difference between summer and winter weather as far as the source of its concern?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=216.0,219.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: In the wintertime, most of the weather that we get here is what we call frontal storms. Cold air masses from the north, usually the North Pacific that move down and they are the source of the moisture is the North Pacific Ocean. And cold air pushes the warmer air up over it as it advances in this causes warm air to condense. The moisture falls out and it rains. That's a little different than the summer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=220.0,246.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Is there any evidence to indicate that the abnormalities are an indication that this type of condition will be a permanent situation? No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=247.0,254.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think it's very dangerous to extrapolate a one or two year trend and say that it's going to persist. We are having a Cold Spring this year next year it may be very hot. The only thing that we can be sure of is that abnormalities are going to continue. The average weather is always made up of extremes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=255.0,270.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: The United States as a country probably is more stable weather wise, though than some of the Northern European countries or other countries in the other parts of the world you agree or disagree with that convention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=271.0,284.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think I would have to partially agree and partially disagree. As a general rule the farther north The farther north the more northerly latitude a an area is located, the more variable its weather is apt to be temperature wise, so that the farther north you go, the more variability you can have in temperatures. As far as rainfall variability goes, the drier the climate, the higher the variability. So that whereas areas like Tucson we can one year have twice the normal rainfall and the next year have half the normal rainfall, it only amounts to a few inches difference of rainfall. Whereas you take a humid area like Northern Europe where there's lots of rain, a 10% variation of rainfall rather than a 100% would be extremely large.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=285.0,329.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: You know, there have been some predictions that the world is moving to an ice age. Do you see that in our lifetime?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=330.0,337.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Oh, no, I don't see that in our lifetime at all. The the current climate is cooling over the northern hemisphere, it has been since around 1950 a few tenths of a degree, maybe on the order of a half a degree cooling. There is no way to predict in the future that this trend will continue. What we do know is that if extrapolated over the next few 100 years, certainly we'll have a few degrees cooling which is enough to set off an ice age. But there's no theory or definite statement that anyone can make it this time that this trend is going to continue and may reverse itself next year. And then we'll go through a 50 year warming period and it may not there's no way to say All we know is that now it is currently cooling at a rate of about a half a degree every","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=338.0,379.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: 50 years. I've been talking with Dr. Ben Herman, Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Arizona and this has been accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mark beech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480#t=380.0,382.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73797/file/159480/transcript/37657/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/657/original/azu_ms641-031_side1_a.vtt?1652725477","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/657/original/azu_ms641-031_side1_a.vtt?1652725477"}]}]}]}