{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/vq2s46j946/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dr. Ed Williams on the Mexican Oil Situation"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona, box 1, reel 30"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Beach, Mort (interviewer)","Williams, Edward J. (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["5/27/1977"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Program topics - University of Arizona political Sciences professor, discusses the Mexican oil situation."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio tape"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS641.030 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Program topics - University of Arizona political Sciences professor, discusses the Mexican oil situation."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms641-030_side1_a.mp3"]},"duration":450.19748,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/479/original/azu_ms641-030_side1_a.mp3?1651790798","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":450.19748,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["641-030 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is accent on the University of Arizona. I'm Mark beech. Since the discovery of large oil reserves in Mexico several years ago, there's been much speculation about the future of Mexican oil, and what it might mean to the United States and other Latin American countries. Dr. Ed Williams is a professor of political science at the University of Arizona. Dr. Williams is going to the College of Mexico and Mexico City for the fall semester on a Fulbright grant to serve a senior lectureship appointment to teach a course in US Latin American relations, after podiums how new is Mexican oil?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=4.0,40.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, it's really both new and old. In a sense more that is, Mexico has long been a leading oil producer. In the early part of the century, indeed, Mexico was second only to the United States as a producer of oil. The production tended to slack off over the years, however, and particularly so the exports continued to slack off as the Mexican industrial machine grew and more and more necessity for a domestic for domestic use evolved. The new oil however, is indeed relatively new, it was first discovered in 1972, in the southern part of Mexico in the state of Tabasco and Chiapas. And interestingly, really only came to came to light really only gained a great deal of interest in 1974. So it's three to five years old, depending upon how one homerun data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=41.0,94.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: How much oil are we really talking about down there? How much oil is there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=95.0,98.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, that's really an intriguing question, Morton, of course, it has been the subject of a great deal of speculation. At first Mexican policy was really very secretive and very in very cautious that is the Mexicans gave out very little information on how much oil they had. And what information was given out, almost everyone agreed that the estimates were really far too far too low. The estimates now have gone up a little bit, but still not a heck of a lot. Without getting into all of the intricacies of the business. One can talk generally in the oil business about three levels of reserves, which one might call approved, and the potential and possible, the approved reserves in Mexico now we're still only running about 11 million barrels, which is not a whole heck of a lot. The United States has about 35 billion barrels. But when one runs from the from the approved to the potential and the possible, then the figures really become extremely significant. I think it's perfectly fair to say that the potential reserves are clearly 50 billion barrels and the possible reserves indeed, as the director general of the National Oil Company in Mexico has said himself may indeed be 100 billion barrels, and 100 billion barrels would place Mexico a third or fourth in oil reserves in the entire world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=99.0,182.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What kind of significance Can you read into this oil picture for the United States? Well, there's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=183.0,188.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: a great deal of significance, I suppose, in a time of national emergency, God forbid, it would be, of course, extremely important to have oil Close, close at hand, rather than across the seas in the Persian Gulf. It becomes extremely significant also, when one sees that Canadian oil, which was a significant source for the United States for many, many years is being cut back and indeed will be totally, totally gone by 1980 or so. The Venezuelans, although they still export a great deal of oil to the United States have also begun to cut cut back into conservation move. Another major exporter in the Western Hemisphere, Ecuador, has never quite come around as far as the expectations had it. And so within that context, Mexico becomes an extremely important source of, of oil to the United States. In addition to oil, also natural gas, I was just visiting Mexico a couple of weeks ago and managed to get a tour of the of the oil areas in the south. And they're burning their gas there. And they're burning their gas because they don't have anything to do with it. And of course, what could be done with it is to build a pipeline to to the north. And indeed here in Arizona, it would be significant for us that pipeline, I think would tie in with some of the sources which the El Paso gas has and would be very, very important for us. Within a relatively short period of time, it's perfectly feasible to see Mexico supplying as much as 20% of United States oil needs. That is the United States now imports about 8 million barrels a day. Within three or four years Mexico could be exporting a million and a half barrels a day and almost all of them That will go to the United States. The one, the one reservation, however, I think that one should be quick to add is that there seems to be very low chance of the price being lowered. That is Mexico indeed is charging about a buck a barrel more, because it can take advantage of transportation costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=189.0,316.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Do you see the US government helping Mexico exploit this large oil reserve?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=317.0,322.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, in the most obvious sense of that question more, the answer would be definitely not. That is there will be no large American oil companies going to Mexico as they have gone to Venezuela and Saudi Arabia and Ecuador and all of the other nations. The Mexican oil industry was nationalized in 1938. And the Mexicans are justly proud of having a nationally owned oil industry, which needs little outside help in so far as the exploitation of the oil is concerned, there are operating some specialized drilling teams and some and renting some specialized drilling technology. But in any given day, there are no more than 100 foreigners in Mexico working in the oil industry. Most of those probably Americans, although some Germans and Englishman and Frenchmen also, in a rather less obvious sense, however, the United States is playing a very major role, and that concerns the financing of the oil industry. Building an oil industry is an immensely expensive business. And although Mexico is not the poorest of all nations, it is certainly not a rich nation. And recent economic problems indeed have made the made the situation even more serious, so that Mexico is going to need a great deal of money. And there is no question that a sort of implicit, although not explicit, but a sort of implicit agreement has evolved, in which Mexico side of the bargain is to supply most of its exports to the United States. And the United States side of the bargain is to be sure that the international bankers both public and private supply Mexico with the money it needs to develop the industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=323.0,421.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I've been talking with Dr. Ed William is a professor of political science at the University of Arizona and authority on Mexican and Latin American affairs. This has been accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mark beech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479#t=422.0,424.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73796/file/159479/transcript/37660/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/660/original/azu_ms641-030_side1_a.vtt?1652725583","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/660/original/azu_ms641-030_side1_a.vtt?1652725583"}]}]}]}