{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/p55db7ws19/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Graduate College and Research Efforts"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona Alumni Forum videocassettes, MS 646, box 3, tape 5"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Cusanovich, Michae (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["11/16/88"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Guest – Dr. Michael Cusanovich, Vice President of Research. Program covers the Graduate College and research efforts at the University of Arizona, including the precarious balance between money spent on the Undergraduate program as opposed to the Graduate program, the reasons for pursuing a Graduate degree, and the value of research in terms of its positive effects on the economy. The program also discusses the UA’s inability to receive the Super Conducting Collider grant and the impact it will have on the future research funding."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS646.034 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona Alumni Forum videocassettes (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Guest – Dr. Michael Cusanovich, Vice President of Research. Program covers the Graduate College and research efforts at the University of Arizona, including the precarious balance between money spent on the Undergraduate program as opposed to the Graduate program, the reasons for pursuing a Graduate degree, and the value of research in terms of its positive effects on the economy. The program also discusses the UA’s inability to receive the Super Conducting Collider grant and the impact it will have on the future research funding."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/159/348/small/azu_ms646-034_a.mp4_1651723113.jpg?1651723114","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms646-034_a.mp4"]},"duration":1676.575,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/159/348/small/azu_ms646-034_a.mp4_1651723113.jpg?1651723114","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/348/original/azu_ms646-034_a.mp4?1651723097","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1676.575,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms646-034 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Hi there and welcome to Arizona alumni forum. I'm Jay Rocklin, two components of the University of Arizona are having more and more significance to both the state and the nation. These are the Graduate College and the university's research efforts. Today we're privileged to have as our guest, the person who's in charge of both of these areas. He's Vice President, Dr. Michael stanovich. Welcome. Good to have you with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=64.0,83.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Pleasure to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=84.0,83.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Before we get into our discussion about research in the graduate school, likely to fill us in on yourself, you've been with the University for about what guess 20 years now right. Now you're a vice president. How did happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=84.0,95.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, it was one of those strange things. I went to the graduate college a year ago, July, one sort of special duty as an acting Vice Dean to help reorganize it. And Dr. Laura Wilkening, during the course of the year chose to leave and move on to the University of Washington and the position opened up and I happened to be in the right place at the right time. I guess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=96.0,114.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: you're a scientist in your own writing. Is that correct? You're a chemist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=115.0,117.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, actually, my primary appointments in biochemistry have appointment in chemistry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=118.0,120.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And you've taught that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=121.0,122.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: yes, both chemistry and biochemistry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=123.0,125.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I imagine, as a scientist, you've been doing a whole career, it's gotta be a tough switch, getting into being a administrator, instead of a scientist. Are you gonna miss science or not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=126.0,137.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I haven't exactly given up science at this point, my laboratory is still active. I have a number of research grants, and my people are still working, I sneak over early in the morning, can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=138.0,147.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I bet you're gonna be a busy guy for a while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=148.0,149.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: we try a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=150.0,151.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: whole lot of people justify the value of research in terms of its positive effects on the economy. Let's touch on the local economy. First, how does research at the obey help to sign itself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=152.0,160.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well in number of ways. First, we graduate a large number of PhD and master's students, many for a variety of reasons who like to stay in the area that makes available a pool of talent, for industry to move to the area and make use of IBM CDC would be two good examples where we can provide training highly trained, skilled people, well educated to deal with these situations. We employ through the research operation of very large number of people, the the research budget, last year, the income was about $124 million. A very large fraction of that is for personnel, technicians, postdoc, students, and whatever. So these people, of course, live off in the community and spend money in the economy. In addition, we buy off a lot of supplies and equipment, and much of it being purchased here in town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=161.0,215.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: How about statewide?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=216.0,216.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, statewide, the impact is much the same, both in terms of the having a base of highly educated, talented individuals around helps to attract industry statewide as well. And certainly ASU contributes to that also. Similarly, a lot of the research activities lead to spin off companies and other kinds of activities. And of course, that's one thing we've we've been working on very, very hard in recent years. And so we have a lot of faculty owned or faculty generated businesses that are developing, most are still in very early stage, although a couple of reasonably mature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=217.0,256.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: you're talking about technology transfer, and that's kind of become a buzzword for both businessmen and academics. First off, tell us what technology transfer is and why it's important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=257.0,266.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, technology transfer in very simple terms is the process by which one takes innovative ideas and transfers them to the marketplace in one form or the other, or, if not the marketplace to society in some way so that they can benefit mankind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=267.0,283.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=284.0,285.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: developing a new drug and carrying it through the various testing aspects and getting it out on the market where you can say treat cancer or some other disease that would be appropriate. Another example would be developing means for asking for viruses. in water, and developing a kit that can be produced and sold, and then people can, can use it in cities and counties and whatever to test water quality. That's one spin off technology. We recently developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=286.0,311.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: our universities in the United States taking over the research and development activities that in previous times have been been the responsibility of industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=312.0,319.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Not really there is increased industrial supportive research at the universities in recent years. But still, industry does much of its own r\u0026d.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=320.0,331.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: You know, the ratio shifting?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=332.0,333.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Not appreciably. It's shifting to some extent, but not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=334.0,337.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, how's the U of A actively involved in technology transfer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=338.0,340.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, we have a technology transfer office, which one of it has several functions, one of which is to process all this developing technologies that the faculty bring forward that think might be worth processing in one form or the other. And in addition, it does a little bit of, of trying to attract or interest the faculty of thinking in terms of developing, of spinning off of their basic research, for example, new technologies, often you stumble upon things. And if you're aware of it, you can you can see some obvious advantages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=341.0,373.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: A whole lot of faculty, people, scientists, researchers, the last thing they think of in terms of in terms of marketability of what they're working on, once they've got a problem solve, they might go on to the next problem, not more. Absolutely. Is that a problem? As far as technology? No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=374.0,387.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: because what we can do, we can take the technology and the faculty that do not have to be involved in the development, licensing and marketing of the technology. We use Research Corporation as a patent agent. We transfer those technologies to Research Corporation and they handle all the business details. Basically, the idea being to sell or license that technology to a particular industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=388.0,408.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What is Research Corporation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=409.0,409.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, a Research Corporation is a not for profit corporation presently, based in in Tucson, john Schaefer, the past president, University of Arizona is the head of it. And it's a technology transfer company, among other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=410.0,422.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: In addition, something that's very important and more important over the last couple of years has been at DC it's growing, what is at DC and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=423.0,432.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: how is it important at DC is Arizona Technology Development Corporation, that is a for profit company, derived from the Arizona foundation and its role is to develop technologies locally. Some of the technologies that come out of say the faculty research, there is some interest on the part of the faculty to to develop these technologies. And the corporation offers the opportunity to set up incubate incubator businesses and work towards getting the product fully developed and ready for the marketplace. So that's a different tack than going say through Research Corporation. There's much less use tactic, very few faculty that want to get involved in that. But in some cases, they do. And this, this also leads ultimately to locally owned businesses, and employment opportunities. As a result,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=433.0,487.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: any successes report so far,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=488.0,489.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: we have several companies in developmental stages, nothing that is full blown yet the technology I mentioned earlier about the assay for viruses in drinking water is is one that's presently in the sort of final developmental stages and should be online. sometime in the next six to 12 months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=490.0,508.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We've been talking about science, electronics and medicine, and we need to take a break right now. But when we come back, I want to talk about a whole lot of other research that doesn't have to do with high tech kinds of things. Okay. We'll be back in a minute. Please join us then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=509.0,535.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome back to Arizona alumni forum, Jay Rocklin here with Vice President for Research in the graduate school, Dr. Michael stanovich. dot accent sandwich. When we talk about research in the news, we hear about it, it's usually about outer space. It's about electronics, it's about medicine, computers, but a whole lot of research goes on at the University of Arizona that doesn't have to do with those high tech kinds of things that we're talking about. Research in humanities in the arts, give us some feel for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=536.0,560.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, first in terms of definition, particularly in the humanities, in the arts, they like to view it as creative scholarship, okay, as opposed to research but we for operational purposes, because it makes the title long tried to we use the word research but that incorporates creative scholarship. There are all kinds of activities from from book writing, and Novel Writing to poetry, to performing arts and music and dance. And these are all legitimate creative activities that that we would view as part of the the faculty faculty's duties in terms of research, service and teaching. Although in this case, it's properly creative scholarship, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=561.0,598.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: at the same time There is stuff that's going on that's properly called research I imagine to such as in history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=599.0,604.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: right in history, political science, anthropology, sociology, lots of areas in the social sciences, there are research activity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=605.0,612.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: coming to mind that might be of interest to people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=613.0,614.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I mean, the more recent examples, more notable ones, the president archaeological activities in the in the Near East, where we have a major role in developing a new site","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=615.0,625.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: to tell us about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=626.0,626.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And not a whole lot, a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=627.0,629.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: about curien. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=630.0,630.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: yeah, and they've, they've discovered a new site, and there's excavating it. And this actually is an interesting example, because a very important aspect of this is a student's opportunity to go over there and participate in this event and get field training, and be involved in new discoveries. And that that's a classic example of the relationship of research and graduate education where the students really have an opportunity to be at the leading edge and see what's going on and develop their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=631.0,658.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: own talk more about that later. But first, something has been in the news recently, is the fact that we did not get the superconducting supercollider. How much is that going to hurt us?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=659.0,667.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I'm not, it's not not a whole lot. I mean, it would have been a great boon. And it would have particularly been exciting for engineering and physics in the sciences. On the other hand, we haven't done any of our long range planning or our development, it fully expecting to get it, I think we're extremely proud of the fact that, that we made it into the finals. And apparently, we're one of the top two, considering the political disadvantages in terms of votes that the state has. I think that that that says a lot for the capabilities of the individuals involved. It's a disappointment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=668.0,698.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Sure. Tell me if I'm seeing this wrong, I can by the fact that Arizona is going to be hurt because we don't get the construction project, when in terms of actual science, it doesn't seem that would be hurt that much. Because I know for kidpik, for example, they accept proposals and some scientists get to do what they're going to do in that going to be the same anyway, no matter where the SSC is built","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=699.0,720.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: well, within limits, but in reality, by having the SSC close by there would be tremendous traffic of top scientists from all over the world, they would be coming through the campus, they would be interacting with our people, our ability to, to recruit individuals into physics say would be greatly enhanced because of the proximity to the site, it would generally stimulate the entire atmosphere, it would ultimately lead to higher quality students applying and wanting to come here, it would have a lot of spin off effects in the academic side of things, which would be incredibly valuable to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=721.0,753.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, so it is going to hurt. Is there anyone school that's going to be specifically helped by the site that they're chosen? Well, those scores in Jackson's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=754.0,760.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: University of Texas in Austin is somewhat distant from there. Yeah. Those those schools in the Dallas area, which would benefit most directly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=761.0,770.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: okay. Scientists on campus that I've spoken with privately, who don't want to be named, are hoping that the SSC project itself does not get funded. And their thesis is that by funding a project of this scale for three to $4 billion, there's a lots of other a lot of other projects that will not get funded. What's your How do you come down that? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=771.0,790.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: there's one school of thought, that argues that big science in this case, big science being defined as projects calling causing a multi billion dollars are detrimental to investigator based research. That's an issue and there's there's a genuine split in the scientific community on this. It's an issue that remains to be resolved, it will be resolved in Congress, because Congress will either decide to fund big science or decide not the proponents from both sides of this argument will will argue vigorously, I'm quite sure for their their positions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=791.0,822.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What's your own position? Do you have one? I know you love them equally. But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=823.0,829.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the big science approach to me is a bit dangerous. And unless it's done in a in a confined way, I think there's some problems associated with that. Because if you're not training a lot of individually based investigators, you can undermine your whole future in having people around that are capable of carrying the torch so to speak, when that big science projects go on AI. If you find big science, then you have to put in place mechanisms to maintain the usual funding process. It's unclear that Congress has the funds to do that if they were to do it that way that it would be certainly an acceptable approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=830.0,866.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I've read columns that have suggested that the United States is going to get further behind academically because we're putting our money into into technology rather than basic research. First, is that true? And secondly, if it is true, what should we do about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=867.0,881.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, it's not really true. There is a heightened awareness in the basic research community, of being alert for and spinning off technologies as they come along. And I think that is a very positive move because we probably should have been doing that more than the past. The amount of money from the federal government, which is a principal source of funding for most University based research in the technology areas hasn't increased dramatically, except in the in the concept of large equipment grants, where you put a large piece of equipment that's very expensive, one to a campus, and then a number of people share it. And some of that is based towards technological developments. On the other hand, it's also there and available to the basic research people. So they actually benefit from that, and I'm not sure that that's, that's really a serious problem at this point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=882.0,932.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, we need to take a break one more time. When we come back, I want to talk about your assessment of the upcoming Bush administration in 100. And first Congress, we'll be back in a minute, please join us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=933.0,958.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Thanks for staying with us J. Rocklin here with Vice President of University of Arizona, Dr. Michael, Cassandra Vich, talking about the graduate school and about research at the University of Arizona. Let's get right back into it. We just had an election we were about to have a new president. How do people in academics view George Bush, Friend or Foe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=959.0,978.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: In the research community, I won't speak for academics in general, in the research community, Bush's priorities are such that when one's opportunities with him are probably better than if the result would have been otherwise. Whether that ever happens is unclear. At this time, I would say the research community is extremely nervous about what's going to transpire in the next Congress. The deficit problems and everything related to that Congress is going to have to make some hard choices. And the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the various research, constituencies, they are always up to the front, when the cuts come. And it really will depend on what kind of political solutions are brought forward to deal with the economic problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=979.0,1023.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We have a big deficit. But we've also got a democratic congress zelicah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1024.0,1029.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: It's hard to say the one thing you can say about Congress on the whole is that, that that that in the house in particular, but to a large extent, the Senate also the research has been has always been strongly supported, particularly in the at the committee level. And through thick and thin the research community has done reasonably well. Obviously, there are high points and low points. But if there was, for example, major budget cutting, 10% 20% budget cutting going on to balance the budget, everybody would be in trouble. And so with the research community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1030.0,1060.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: back in the 60s, in the middle 60s, your research, and there's a lot of defense spending going on a lot of Defense Research and professors all over the country, especially the big name schools, couched their own research project in defense terms. is the same thing gonna happen with Star Wars?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1061.0,1077.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: No. And in fact, there's there's a bit of a movement afoot in the scientific community not to do so Star Wars research and very substantial portion of the faculty that would that potentially would be involved in such an activity have said that they won't be there still are some people that will, and, you know, you get into a problem in defining what Stars Wars and what's related, but actually has merit in its own right. So if you're into laser technology development, you could view that development in terms of Sure. Not in terms of Star Wars and still make some contribution. So it gets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1078.0,1113.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Star Wars money out of it, though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1114.0,1114.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: right. Right. And and some people, of course, do find that an acceptable approach. There is not a lot of Star Wars money at the University of Arizona. And I don't expect to see any major influx.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1115.0,1129.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: The University of Arizona, as far as I understand, doesn't accept or doesn't do secret research or classified research. Can you explain to us why that is the most cost us money?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1130.0,1139.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, actually, it doesn't. Interestingly, very much there are there are not that many projects that are classified. What our principal concern is, since we're an academic institution, is that almost all research projects involve the participation of students, either graduate students or undergraduates, and to get them involved in research activities, where they can't publish the results, and therefore obtain the benefits from having been involved in the project we consider to be an unacceptable situation. So we are very careful about any kind of project which would limit the ability of the student to benefit ultimately from the fruits of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1140.0,1176.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: their labor, so to speak, we've got to get into the let's talk about students. Let's talk about the graduate school. It's sort of a given, I guess, in Arizona and many places in the country that we've got a good graduate school in many fields. But at the same time, the university has, rightly or wrongly taken some hits about what that's done to undergraduate education. Does undergraduate education suffer if you put time and resources money into graduate school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1177.0,1199.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: In my opinion, no. And in fact, there have been a number of studies, the principal complaint about graduate education is that the people active in the research community don't aren't effective teachers, there, in fact, is just no evidence to support that notion. And there's been a lot of studies carried out throughout the country on this subject, and there's been no correlations determined. In fact, we feel that the presence of a research active faculty or creative scholarship active faculty is actually a big bonus to the undergraduates, they have the opportunity to become involved in undergraduate research projects, that independent study projects and get some real hands on experience, in their discipline, do one sentence unfortunate, they generally don't get into these activities, so junior and senior years, because they're taking the basic courses, part of that, but at that time, this is the first real opportunity, they get to practice what's going on, you know, all the educational activities that they've been involved in and actually determined their ability to do creative thinking and to solve problems, which is, you know, when you go out into the, to the industrial world, the business world or the academic world, that's what you're going to do is be involved in problem solving if you're going to be successful. So we'd like to think that, in fact, we provide an environment where the undergraduate benefits greatly from, from the presence of the research activity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1200.0,1279.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: No, I see that a theory but the same time as maybe 16 or 18 hours a day a guy can work. He's got tremendous pressures on him to, to write and to publish and to attend conferences and to get grants and to write proposals and worry about his resources. And isn't really rewarded for your teaching undergraduates. Is that the case?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1280.0,1297.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I don't think that's that's totally true. Either. There is a strong perception is not at least my experience in serving up promotion and tenure committees, has been that there really isn't this situation and teaching is in fact, rewarded. My my experience has been limited to date to to the Faculty of Science. So I can't speak for the other colleges, but certainly in the administration, teaching is expected to be of high quality and is an important criteria. And the Provost in the other vice presidents all support this strongly. And and I think we have principally a perception problem, which we need to work on it. And the faculty have to believe it is in fact rewarded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1298.0,1337.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: When we come back, I want to ask you about the preponderance, preponderance of foreign students in some of our graduate programs, please stay with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1338.0,1362.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Thanks a lot for staying with us on Arizona alumni forum. I'm Jay Rocklin here with the University of Arizona's new Vice President for Research and the graduate school, Dr. Michael cosanta, Vich, nadrich stanovich, all over the country, and here at the University of Arizona and lots of technical fields. More than half the students are foreign nationals. And Americans aren't getting into them in physics, and there's some math, math departments, what's going on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1363.0,1385.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What's going on is the American students aren't migrating in those directions. And the positions are available, and they're being taken by foreign students. This is an underlying factor in the present discussion that one hears on a national level about competitiveness, and about what's going on in the US in competing with other countries. It's a very serious national problem, I think, we've turned a corner and we're starting with Valley a couple of years ago, and we're starting on the upswing. It really starts to be honest with you at the undergraduate level, if they're not students aren't tracked into the hard sciences into engineering, where where the heavy foreign populations exist. By the time they're freshmen. And they don't have the background coming out of the high schools, they're unlikely to ever progress into majors that will lead them into graduate programs in those areas. We're seeing a big change at the at the high school level now, and students are taking more college preparatory courses. And I think that will be reflected in four to six years in an increase in the American students going on to graduate programs in the sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1386.0,1449.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Besides publicity and public relations, it would seem that this would call for some kind of national affirmative action effort or something like that, on behalf of the sciences. Is there anything being done or discussed? Yeah,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1450.0,1459.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: in fact, there is quite a number of programs underway, particularly National Science Foundation, and to somewhat lesser extent, but not an insignificant since the Department of Education. Both have extensive programs in science education, and some of them programs focused in areas of national need engineering, math, physics, chemistry, were the areas where we're really are under enrolled with American students. These programs are actually reasonably well funded. Part of the problem is that even if you get a grant, to use this money to try and encourage students in the system, nobody is worked out any really good effective methods of utilizing the money and in obtaining the desired result. So there's a lot of experiment is experimenting going on at this point, trying to find ways to encourage students. And in fact, University of Arizona has a number of programs, particularly in the Faculty of Science with outreach programs to the high schools number, the departments are now interacting directly with the high schools in going out and giving some science talks in trying to encourage students. Great. To wrap up, let's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1460.0,1528.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: talk about graduate programs. In general, if someone's watching, they're considering the pros and cons of graduate school. Why should someone go to graduate school? Or maybe why shouldn't they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1529.0,1536.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, a number of reasons. There's one obvious one is called economic and that generally speaking, in most businesses, a graduate degree earns you a higher pay scale. There is the opportunity to be at a leadership role. You know, in a lot of industries and a lot of businesses, the graduate degree tracks you in a different management structure than otherwise, it's certainly not true everywhere. But probably the most important reason is that the ultimate goal of graduate school is to get one so that they're skilled at thinking and doing creative things. And in the actual enjoyment of solving problems, and doing creative things is really probably worth it all in the absence of the other factors. Great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1537.0,1579.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, thank you very much, Dr. Mako stanovich, for joining us. This has been a great discussion. And thank you for staying with us. See you next month on Arizona alumni forum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348#t=1580.0,1582.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73596/file/159348/transcript/37791/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/791/original/azu_ms646-034_a.vtt?1652898970","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/791/original/azu_ms646-034_a.vtt?1652898970"}]}]}]}