{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/gq6qz23d9h/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dr. Robert Wagle on Controlled Burning in Forests"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona, box 2, reel 28"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Beach, Mort (interviewer)","Wagle, Robert F. (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["3/31/1978"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Program topics - Interview with Dr. Robert Wagle, University of Arizona Watershed Management professor, on controlled burning in forests."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio tape"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS641.073 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Program topics - Interview with Dr. Robert Wagle, University of Arizona Watershed Management professor, on controlled burning in forests."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms641-073_side1_a.mp3"]},"duration":539.74523,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/877/original/azu_ms641-073_side1_a.mp3?1652809792","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":539.74523,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["641-073 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mark beech. For some areas around the state of Arizona, the annual forest fire season is just a couple of months away to most persons throwing lighted matches on the ground in a pine forest seems foolhardy, if not downright dangerous. Our guest today Dr. Robert Wadley does it frequently, but to help the forest not to harm them. Dr. maglie is a professor of watershed management in the School of renewable natural resources at the University of Arizona, Dr. Wadley exactly what kind of fires do he to start,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=6.0,41.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: we start fire in the ground fuels of a forest with the primary objective of reducing the fuel content in these grounds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=42.0,54.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: that I feel you call them controlled fires, we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=55.0,56.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: call them controlled burns or controlled fires,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=57.0,58.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: none of they have to be used in the right kind of environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=59.0,63.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: They have to be used in the right kind of environment. And by environment, I mean, under the right weather conditions under the right, including temperature, humidity, they have to be used in relation to the terrain. And there, it's very important to that they be used, meet the environment be tested. Prior to the actual controlled burn. This is one of the primary prerequisites that you set up a small experimental burn or two or three before you go into the big burn, just to be sure of how your fire is going to behave","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=64.0,106.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Is that how you actually know that if were to use the control fires by experimentation beforehand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=107.0,111.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: experimentation and experience most fire control officers have had experiences on wildfires where they go through and examine the results of the fire after a fire has gone through. And they observe that there have been error cases in which the fire has destroyed everything. And other cases within the same fire where the fire has actually seemed to have had a beneficial effect is removed burn fuels on the floor and the ad has not harmed the forest. And just through that kind of backtracking in their mind and trying to analyze what has resulted in these variations within a wildfire, then they can come up with some reasons in some ways in which they might use fire beneficially without truly harming the forest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=112.0,166.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Is there a theory or philosophy then behind the control fires?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=167.0,170.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, the theory or philosophy behind it is that we the fire is going wildfire is going to take place if the fuels get heavy enough and serious enough. And the idea here is to try and reduce these fuels at a time that is convenient and not harmful to the trees into man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=171.0,190.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So that's if I were to ask you What does a controlled fire do for the forest then you It burns away the fuels that would be fed to a catastrophic fires that it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=191.0,199.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: had reduces the fuels and this probably is something that should be repeated about once every between five and 10 years. These fuels seem to build up to catastrophic proportions within a five to 10 year period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=200.0,219.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: is there a season for controlled fires as such doctor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=220.0,222.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: in Arizona we find that all the way from all the first of November sometimes late October in the very high country to in December January whenever the early rain start. Temperatures are below ambient temperatures below 65 degrees Fahrenheit and relative humidities fairly high. But at the same time we like to have our fuels very dry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=223.0,250.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: what time of day two you start these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=251.0,252.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: fires. Most of our fires have on the White Mountain Apache Reservation we start around four or five in the afternoon and burn throughout the night and we usually start them at a against the wind and away from fire breaks and on rages to burn down hill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=253.0,272.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Firefighters are standing by in case something gets out of control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=273.0,276.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes, there's a fire plan is developed for every large burn and this involves he quipment man and planning. fire breaks the lighting off schedules in relation to the wind and the terrain and so on. It's very carefully planned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=277.0,294.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: He mentioned the White Mountains has controlled burning then practiced up in that area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=295.0,298.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: on the Fort Apache Reservation. It's been practiced for over at least 30 or more years. And it has been a very successful tool for alleviating the buildup of fuels and the seriousness of catastrophic wildfire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=299.0,318.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is kind of a loaded question, but does it work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=319.0,323.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think it does. We had one area in an area a place called foot Canyon, where we were able to identify a were a controlled burn had gone through. We had the location of the fire line, we could identify it and a catastrophic wildfire hit it had burned about 60,000 acres, the result of about six or seven fires burning together. The fire hit the this particular slope, burned up the slope at about the same time all the way up and down the canyon. And on the side of the fire line that had been controlled burned, we had practically no damage at all to the trees. On the other side, it was almost 100% devastating destruction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=324.0,373.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What about next fall? Do you have plans for continuing this type of research?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=374.0,378.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Right now our research is in abeyance, just through lack of funds. We have our total numbers of large numbers of permanent plots located we have a good background of data on them. And we hope to build up some more now. We do have some plans for working on fuel are the smoke pollution problems. next fall, we're trying to develop some methods of accurately measuring just how much particulate matter goes into the air and what happens to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=379.0,416.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Are there some other areas of the state besides the fort Apache Reservation where this idea might be practiced?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=417.0,423.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Actually, this last fall rather good program was carried on right up here in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, a US Forest Service. And I think most of the residents of Tucson did observe smoke in various times up there. On the sawara National Monument, they have a program whereby in areas that lightning fires occur if they are not going to damage property, or cause serious damage to adjoining areas, then they allow them to burn until they burn themselves out. The Forest Service seems to be leaning towards a policy of this same sort of letting fires burn in some areas where they will do no real harm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=424.0,479.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: and looks like controlled fires are good and are here to stay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=480.0,484.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Now controlled burning as such has been practiced for a long time as a means of reducing slash and so on caused by logging and Wynonna Woods operations. This is just an extension of this idea. And fire I feel is a part of the natural environment of the forest and if you protect the forest from it for too long, it's going to build up to the point where it can be very hazardous and sometime it really has to burn so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=485.0,510.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I've been talking with Dr. Robert Wagner, a professor of watershed management in the School of renewable natural resources at the University of Arizona. This has been accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mark beech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877#t=511.0,513.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73837/file/159877/transcript/37741/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/741/original/azu_ms641-073_side1_a.vtt?1652809827","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/741/original/azu_ms641-073_side1_a.vtt?1652809827"}]}]}]}