{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/c824b2z53w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Garbage Research"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona Alumni Forum videocassettes, MS 646, box 1, tape 9"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Rathje, William L. (interviewee)","Hughes, Wilson W. (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2/2/86"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Guests- Bill Rathje; Wilson Hughes."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS646.009 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona Alumni Forum videocassettes (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Guests- Bill Rathje; Wilson Hughes."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/159/319/small/azu_ms646-009_a.mp4_1651687105.jpg?1651687106","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms646-009_a.mp4"]},"duration":1675.441,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/159/319/small/azu_ms646-009_a.mp4_1651687105.jpg?1651687106","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/319/original/azu_ms646-009_a.mp4?1651687089","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1675.441,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms646-009 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Garbage nobody wants it. Nobody wants to be associated with it right. Now, really. Today we have two archaeologists with us who specialize in the study of garbage. And they plan to tell us just how it affects our lives in our society. Welcome to Arizona alumni forum, brought to you by the Arizona Alumni Association, and it's 115,000 members. I'm Kent Rollins, director of the Alumni Association at the University of Arizona. Joining us today are you of a professor Bill rathje and Wilson Hughes. They study the relationships between material objects, and the people who use them. The material objects of their research are found in household everyday trash bills, the founding director of the Tucson garbage project, and Wilson is his chief assistant. We're going to talk about some of their findings over the past 14 years, and why the government agencies that they deal with and corporations are willing to give them money to carry on their research. There are a couple of questions I'd like you to think about for the next several minutes. One, have you ever thought about what happens to the stuff that you throw away? I'm thinking of things like wasted food, broken radios, motor oil, even lipstick, where all the things are going there writing in our landfills today, as far as we know. And that's really not good. Have you ever wondered how bad red meat really is for you? Or have you ever thought about the terrible eating habits of your children or yourself? We'll discuss hazardous waste and what we're throwing away and we'll also compare our garbage habits with those in Mexico. I think it might be appropriate gentlemen, if we talk trash at this point. Great. Gentlemen, I appreciate your being here. And, and I think it might be best bellefield tell us really what you're trying to do. I'm not sure that many of our people in Tucson or throughout the state understand our garbage project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=63.0,187.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I was trained as an archaeologist, which means I was trying to learn about ancient civilizations by looking at ancient garbage. And if we can learn important useful things about ancient societies from past garbage, maybe we can learn something valuable about ourselves by looking at fresh garbage. And I think the real, the real key to it is that almost everything we know about our society in terms about what we buy, what we use, what we waste, etc, is based on asking people to interview surveys. And the problem is that what people say they do, and what they actually do can be two different things. And we're not saying that we have the real key to truth. All we're saying is that we have an alternative view of what's going on in our society, we can put that together with what people say. And we can have a much better, much more useful picture of how we're managing our resources, so that we can make that management even more efficient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=188.0,249.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Is, is the study of garbage unique to the University of Arizona is something that's happening other places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=250.0,254.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: It was started here in 1973. And we are the only long term garbage project in in the country. We have cooperated with other groups, and done studies in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Orange County, California, New York City, Mexico City, Sydney, Australia. So there are other there are other people that are getting getting interested in sorting garbage. There's another small project in Occidental College in California. And we hope that it's it's an approach that more and more people will find valuable, because that's what we're trying to do. We're trying to examine garbage to see how it can be most useful. For the largest number of people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=255.0,301.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I understand you've brought with you today a tape. Maybe you would introduce the tape for us and then we'll roll it for our audience. Well, after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=302.0,308.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: two years after the garbage project in Mexico City, the federal government decided to take advantage of the information they had on how much food waste there was, and the waste of other kinds of materials. And they decided to put up what they call an expo basura a garbage Expo, and I held it in the big circus tent in Chapultepec Park. And the tape was made by Katie and produced by Hector Gonzalez, and it was to try and show the results of the garbage project in Mexico City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=309.0,343.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, let's roll the tape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=344.0,358.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Mexico City is a wonderful place for an archaeologist because all around you there are the layers of ancient civilizations. People have been living in the basement of Mexico, managing its resources and making a living for 1000s of years. Right now we're in the Aztec Templar Maya, the center of the Aztec empire, where the emperor of Montezuma walked, and were so did Cortez, and this is the place where the people of Mexico built Mexico City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=359.0,391.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: At the time of the conquest, Mexico City was one of the largest cities in the world, coping well with all of the problems of organizing a large population to efficiently manage resources. Today, 500 years later, the government of Mexico is still coping with the same problem, how to put large numbers of people and resources together efficiently. In 1981, and again in 1983. Garbage sorters meticulously recorded refuse from 1600 households in Mexico City. Garbage samples were collected from a wide range of household types from the highest income mentioned, to the poorest squatters Jack's. The results were shocking. In the United States, we think of garbage as packages. But in Mexico, there is relatively little packaging in trash. Since most food is bought fresh in markets, most household garbage is food debris, the rinds, peels, tops, skins and other parts cut off in meal preparation. Because of the large quantities of food debris, Mexico City households discard 50% more refuse each day, then households in the United States. But collecting the information was only phase one. Many cities no facts about their garbage. Phase two doing something with the information is Mexico's really novel step. On January 12 1985, Expo basura opened in a circus tent in Mexico City's biggest Park. The goal was partly to entertain, but more important to tell as many refuse discards as possible about the garbage problem, and what they each could do to solve it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=392.0,521.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, that's very interesting. Wilson, maybe I ought to get or find out what's your role in the research has been so far did you play a role as far as this particular film? Or?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=522.0,534.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes, I have trained the students who sorted here in Tucson, I also went down to Mexico City, and help them set up the project and get the people sorting the garbage. And as you can imagine, the city of 16 to 19 million people putting out 44,000 tonnes of of garbage a day, they're getting buried in it. So they were interested in and the workers we had down there, were really interested in doing the project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=535.0,562.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So your job is your job the same in all of the projects, you kind of train the researchers to do this kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=563.0,569.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Right. I started as a student in one of Professor axes classes, and have been the field director of the project since then. Okay, so my job is to go and make sure that the methodology that we do in Tucson is replicated in say Mexico City, Milwaukee, Marin County, so the data is comparable, and we can compare the cities. Okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=570.0,589.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: well, since the one that really does, does the job, the real girbau job done right, exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=590.0,595.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We need to take a break, but we hope you'll stay with us and we'll come back and talk More about the garbage project and just a moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=596.0,612.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: How often?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=613.0,615.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: How often do you turn on your TV set and say you're watching a bunch of garbage? Well, this morning, you really are doing just that. Our topic today on Arizona alumni forum is garbage. And Dr. Bill rathje, and Wilson Hughes, are here to let us in on some of their particular findings. Wilson, I might go back, we've watched the tape, find out a little bit, how do you actually conduct the research? What are the kinds of things you're doing? You mentioned you train the researchers, but what are they really looking for? What are they trying to accomplish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=616.0,648.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What we're doing is we are looking at mostly the packaging of the food, and the food debris that goes in the garbage, we're trying to quantify, and record in meticulous manner, all the items that are going into the household, and if they're being used, or if they're being wasted. And we do this on a census track level, maintaining the anonymity of the of the households that that we select, and record, say, the number of milk cartons. If there's any bread ways we weigh that just a good detailed record of what was going on in that household?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=649.0,680.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Do Have you ever had people complain of invasion of privacy in this process?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=681.0,684.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: No, not really. We've had a few calls. And when we explain the protections that we we take, we don't do anything of personal nature, and then the students that do the work or, you know, they take very much care not to not to do any invasion of privacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=685.0,701.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Have you found out anything that we wouldn't think was too common in your research bill?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=702.0,708.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Oh, I think I think the incredible quantity of food that people throw away, was a surprise to me and to just about everyone who's ever sorted garbage. I think that the there are some surprising items that people throw away. Lots of hazardous materials that people throw out in the garbage that they don't think about, you know, like nail polish, it doesn't hurt to put it on your nails, but you wouldn't want to drink it. And it has five of the EPA is most hazardous materials in there. This is this is a just a picture of what garbage looks like. This is our raw data. It's about as raw as any data will ever get. This is our sorting yard is where the students actually go through the garbage. And it's amazing the number of people in Tucson that eat fast food and bring it home about three to five times a week people bring home fast food. A lot of food wasted in Tucson, about 15% of the solid food that people bring in, is thrown out as waste. And we don't count Ryan's peels, top skins bones, only things that were once edible are still edible. I have to warn students not to eat or drink anything they find in the garbage. They're added up, it's about $11.7 million worth of edible food thrown out every year in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=709.0,796.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So you really would see a habit. I mean, the habit is waste here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=797.0,801.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes. And we were trying to understand what creates it, for example, most of the waste of items like bread, it isn't the standard loaves that keep coming through the home. It's the specialty items, the hotdog rolls, the hamburger buns, things like that. Lot of hazardous materials thrown out at the household level, unused drain opener, things like that the nail polish gets into the landfill, water can percolate down through that landfill, pick up some of the hazardous material in the form of what's called Leach eight, perhaps leak out the bottom of the landfill eventually, and can contaminate groundwater. And because all of our drinking water comes from groundwater, it's very important to identify and quantify all of the hazardous materials, the waste and the residue that people throw out. And all of these products have hazardous residues or waste that are very significant to understand before we get into trouble with our land, our groundwater.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=802.0,861.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Are you saying then that the individual may be as guilty as large corporations for forming groundwater in Arizona.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=862.0,869.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: It's very interesting. But the original discovery of this of this fact that the households are contributing came from an EPA investigator that was supposed to measure the hazardous leachate coming out from the bottom of hazardous waste disposal sites. And he had a long lunch one day and went to the wrong place, and measured the leech ate and found all of the hazardous components. And then he found out that that site had only been used for household refuse And then he began looking at all of the different kinds of chemicals and compounds that went into cleansers and cleaners and photographic chemicals and pool chemicals and drain opener, and etc. And he said, Well, it only makes sense, you know, the corporations that are throwing out this hazardous material are making a lot of the products that are used in households. And that residue, you know, a box of laundry detergent with a little residue, is not going to hurt anybody. But they're, you know, how many hundreds of 1000s of households in the Tucson area that are throwing these boxes out every bag of garbage has one item of hazardous material. And so it's an important thing for us to quantify now. Because once the pollution once the contaminants that we're identifying actually gets into the groundwater, we're not going to be able to get them out without spending the national budget on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=870.0,955.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: If you were to add up all the just the residue from oil cans say that are thrown out people doing change in their oil at home, they would come to about a ton of oil goes into the landfill, just the residue from the cans that are thrown out in Tucson each year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=956.0,970.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Wilson if if if it really is a major concern that we are individuals are dumping hazardous waste. Once you have done the field research, where do you dump the things that you're finding? Where do you take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=971.0,984.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: our things go out again, go out to the landfill, because that's the only place we have we just we take the bags of garbage from the household, analyze them and then dispose of them in the normal manner. What we're trying to do is just right now just quantify to see what the level of the problem is, if there is a problem, and then there'll be another step, we'll figure out how to deal with all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=985.0,1004.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So that you see that maybe coming down the road someplace that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1005.0,1006.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: well, if you look at sawara, the organization in Arizona interested in in water quality, so forth, they're already proposing to instigate what are called amnesty days and on amnesty days, you take all the containers of hazardous materials and all of the waste of hazardous material and put that out as a separate garbage pickup. And then that will be taken to a hazardous waste disposal site rather than to a regular landfill. All we're trying to do is find the scope of the problem before it's too late. We don't have the answer to it. But we can at least say had we better find out an answer. And that's what we're that's what we're investigating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1007.0,1049.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: When you do your research and compare the results that you find here with other locations, can you make comparisons, say between low income or high income households in terms of what you find in your research?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1050.0,1061.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Sure, there are a lot of interesting and perhaps unexpected differences. In upper income garbage, you find more generic products, more price brands than you do in middle income and low income garbage we find more nationally advertised brands. There. There are other kinds of behaviors. Wilson has noticed and and we all did when we're doing the sorting that the higher your income, the higher up the asparagus stock you cut off the tip. A lot of things like diet soft drinks, you find large quantities of diet soft drinks, you're gonna find an upper income neighborhood a lot of people are concerned about, I know price of their food and upper income neighborhoods. But nothing is too good for Fritz or Fido, pet food is only the best.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1062.0,1113.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, we need to take a break and we'll be right back to talk about asparagus stocks and Phyto in just a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1114.0,1148.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome back to Arizona.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1149.0,1151.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome back to Arizona alumni forum I we've got a great show. Today we're talking about trash and garbage. And we've learned I learned a interesting number of things. Bill, I think you had one more slide that you wanted to show for us if we could get that to come back and you were going to explain it when we ran out of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1152.0,1168.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: As a lot of people have become very concerned about the amount of red meat they eat, because of fat, because of the National Cancer Institute and other groups have said don't eat so much fat. And we've been very interested in that because we can figure out how much fat people are eating and how much they're actually cutting off the meat and throwing away so that we get packages, we can figure out how much fat was on the meat and we can actually get the fat that they cut off and wet etc. And we've found that after the National Academy of Science came With a diet nutrition and cancer report, there was a tremendous jump in how much fat people were cutting off. And they were buying a lot fewer steaks, roasts, and chops. So they're really doing the right things. The only problem is that to make up for that fresh meat, they were buying meat with hidden fat, ground beef hotdogs, Bologna sausage, bacon. If you look at that slide, you can see that steak if you cut the separable fat off, has only 10 grams of fat out of every 100. Whereas salami has about 30 sausage has 50 and bacon has 69. So there's a lot more fat people are eating more fat, because they don't realize how much hidden fat there is in processed meat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1169.0,1248.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Are you? Aren't you currently involved in a B fat study for cancer research?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1249.0,1253.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We're doing a series of studies to look at how diet is recorded by nutritionists and medical researchers to find out whether people can actually record what they normally eat over a year period. You know, how many times do you eat broccoli every month, we're also doing a study of how much fat people cut off and whether they can actually accurately report that. And we're doing just a study of of preferences of beef and what people think about it and how they how that affects their buying behavior. Okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1254.0,1287.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: what kind of groups are willing to give you money to do research?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1288.0,1292.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: While the National Science Foundation, US Department of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Agency, trade associations have various kinds of industries, the packaging industry, the American paper Institute, Chevron oil, a number of mission agencies for the federal government and private companies that find that that we have information that nobody else has market research organizations, people that are interested in building waste to energy plants and are concerned about hazardous pollution that's generated by them. There are all sorts of applications for garbage research. And that's what we're really interested in is finding out how many different places we can find that can use our information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1293.0,1342.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Now, is this new gramm Rudman bill going to affect the dollars coming in for your research?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1343.0,1348.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We expect it will. To some extent, it's going to be cutting back a lot of social science research. We are part of the Bureau of Applied Research and anthropology at the university. And what we try and do is apply existing knowledge or existing methodology to current problems. So it hoped that we wouldn't get cut back too much. And we'll just have to wait and see how things wash out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1349.0,1372.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay. We need to take another break. And we hope you'll stay with us for more on the Tucson garbage project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1373.0,1392.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1393.0,1395.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome back to Arizona alumni forum. We're talking with Dr. Bill wrasse, G and Wilson Hughes of the Tucson garbage project been fascinating gentlemen, in a short time we have left I would like to check a couple of things I understand you're also doing some research in nearby Green Valley. Can you tell us a little about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1396.0,1413.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes, we've done a study there to find out how well people can report their average diet. And we've done garbage studies with the permission of the householders. And we found really interesting things for the last time we studied Green Valley was in 1976. And the difference between 1976 and 1985. It's really interesting because these, the people in Green Valley are incredibly health conscious. I mean, almost all their cereals are brand cereals, high in fiber. wheat bread is replacing white bread. And the thing that amazed me is they have cut their consumption of saturated fat by 50%. mean that is really difficult to do for anybody. So there there really are very health conscious, very concerned. And they're wonderful population to study because they're very cooperative. And we think we can have some valuable information from this for cancer research and medical research to learn about how to record diet and related to disease. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1414.0,1478.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Wilson, I also would like to check, you know, the modern home garbage disposal. What does that do as far as your research is concerned, I would think it may skew the results a little bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1479.0,1489.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: It minimizes the amount of plates, cravings and stuff we're going to get. But as far as the straight waist which is over half of the waist that we've recorded. People usually if they're going to throw out a half head lettuce, they don't chop it up and put it down and disposal just goes in the garbage can. And also, we know basically the percentages of households in the different census tracts that we study that have disposals, so we can correct for that. And we've done studies with householders to see exactly what they do put down what they don't. And it varies from household to household. But what the garbage disposal does and compost piles and feeding the pets. It just minimizes the the weights of the of the waste that we've been able to get out of the garbage. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1490.0,1532.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Bill, you've been at this for 12 years now. What is this a never ending process? What do you see the future for your research?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1533.0,1542.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I would, I would hope that it's a never ending process in the sense that we believe that we've identified some areas in nutrition and health and solid waste management and resource recovery, and market research and hazardous waste and household refuse, where we're really generating valuable information that no one else has access to. And we hope that that kind of information will be gathered for another 10 years or so because it's only as we see the long term, the long pattern, that we're really going to be able to understand where we're headed in the future and make better plans and more efficient plans for our resource use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1543.0,1588.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, I want to thank both of you for being with us today on Arizona alumni forum and thank you, we hope you'll tune in next month when we will be talking about the Apache Indians and how they are facing change. Thank you for being with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319#t=1589.0,1591.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73571/file/159319/transcript/37766/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/766/original/azu_ms646-009_a.vtt?1652820321","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/766/original/azu_ms646-009_a.vtt?1652820321"}]}]}]}