{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/8g8ff3mt4x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Episode 8801: Don Bufkin"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["KPOL"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Eyewitness to History videocassettes, MS 685, box 2, tape 21"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Chanin, Abraham S., 1921- (interviewer)","Bufkin, Don (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1988"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham (Abe) Chanin interviews author Don Bufkin\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["U-Matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS685.021 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Eyewitness to History videocassettes (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham (Abe) Chanin interviews author Don Bufkin\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/160/228/small/azu_ms685-021_a.mp4_1653501141.jpg?1653501142","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms685-021_a.mp4"]},"duration":1620.31,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/160/228/small/azu_ms685-021_a.mp4_1653501141.jpg?1653501142","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/160/228/original/azu_ms685-021_a.mp4?1653501133","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1620.31,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["MS685-021 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome to eyewitness to history, your personal trip through history. A trip through history as we experienced it, and remember it a trip through Living History. Professor HN, who was a veteran of a half century of Arizona journalism will be your God. You will visit with some of the state's most important personalities and your neighbors who are eyewitnesses to history. Today's guest is Don bumpkin, photographer of historic Tucson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=66.0,148.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome to eyewitness to history. Our guest today is Don bufton, who, although he's modest about it, is really the premier mapper of early Tucson. He was in the Navy 1951 came to Tucson worked in city planning. And then you turn to your first love history and mapping. How did you get to such a definitive work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=149.0,175.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I'm one of those Californians who have been invading Arizona for decades. And when I came to Arizona, I had taken pains out of interest to read about Arizona history. So I came here with an interest in the history of the Southwest. And I found that city planning, particularly in an area that was growing and changing as rapidly as Tucson was and history made a good union and provided me with I think, a unique perspective on growth and change in Tucson since coming to the first European","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=176.0,209.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: dawn I want to turn very quickly towards the area of of land ownership in Tucson. That was great confusion, because of the great changes in Tucson history, the ownership of land by the Spanish, the Mexicans and then the coming of the Anglos. We had problem with Spanish land grants. Isn't it true that there was confusion over land for for a long while?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=210.0,232.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes, there was. Tucson had had been under Spanish rule, a part of the isolated frontier of northwestern New Spain. And the use of the procedural system, the found founding and establishment of armed military precios as well as the mission system, a frequently put the church and the military at loggerheads over control of land. And the mission system really was one in which the Indians of the native peoples that were here at the time was Spanish contact, had an interest in the land and the new agriculture that they were being instructed in by the missionaries. And that all changed with the transition to American sovereignty when you did have Spanish and Mexican land grants in this area, recognized by the treaties that brought this area to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=233.0,286.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: But we had problems over and I remember a great story when we had a claim to entire City of Phoenix as part of a Spanish land grant. Isn't that true?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=287.0,296.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That's true. That's the the infamous per Alton grande right out of which we have in Arizona history of the character of the Baron of Arizona. And that was an immense fraudulent claim and extended from Phoenix on the west clear over to Silver City, New Mexico on the east. You can't it larger than the most of New England was involved in this Peralta grant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=297.0,319.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, that was one of the great early stories. What I want to talk to you about now is the early mapping of Tucson. And what you discovered when you began to map to sign in its earliest days, who was here, and how many were here. Tell us a little bit about what your discoveries were,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=320.0,336.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: where the the area became part of the United States through the Gadsden Purchase, which was negotiated in 1818 53, but not ratified by the United States until 1854. So suddenly, 30,000 square miles of what is today, Arizona, south of the healing of this portion of New Mexico, became part of the United States added to the public domain, subject to the running of Township and rain surveys, and the prospect for the running of the township and rain surveys. And the application of the Homestead Act was a threat to the very title so the two areas that people were occupying in Tucson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=337.0,378.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Dawn was the Gadsden Purchase Hi robbery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=379.0,383.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Now the Ganson purchase a you read the high school history book, it's going to tell you that it was acquired primarily for purposes of the railroad right away south of the heel river, but the Gadsden Purchase, which actually actually brought Tucson into the United States and we'd still be part of Sonora. If there hadn't been the boundary controversy surrounding the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican War, the specification of the boundary and that treaty, Guadalupe dog was simply couldn't be surveyed and almost threatened to reopen the war with Mexico and the Gadsden Purchase, which was a heck of a good real estate deal. 52 cents an acre into that boundary controversy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=384.0,421.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And that 52 cents an acre includes all of two sides, includes all two said, Don, did we make mistake on the guests purchase by not getting your port?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=422.0,430.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That's been history's a judgment on this. And yet the president Pierce who had instructed the special Minister James Gadson to try for all of Northern Mexico, including most of Sonora, Sinaloa, not the and Chihuahua as well as all of Baja California. But the Santa Ana government wanted some quick money, and they wanted to give up as little real estate as possible. So it really wasn't in the cards that that we could have purchased a seaport on the Gulf of California, through the effort of Gadsden, in the 1850s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=431.0,465.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Thought I want to return now to Tucson which turned out to be really a great bargain in the Gadsden Purchase. And I want to talk about fact that I think as you look at history, there were three important periods in growth in Tucson, the Gadsden Purchase was one of them that established growth, then the opening of the University of Arizona. And we'll talk a little bit about the mule driven trolley that connected the university with city. And then the arrival of the railroad at which we talked a bit about the Gatson purchase. Tell us now what was the meaning of the opening of the university to this area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=466.0,503.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: But things were changing rapidly in the 1880s. And you had noted that the railroad arrived in Tucson, and then shortly after that, the university was a lot of the territorial University at that time was a lot of the Tucson by the territorial legislature affectionately known as the thieving 13th.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=504.0,521.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Right. Did the did the arrival of the railroad begin the spur of a new period of growth just before the universities opening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=522.0,528.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: certainly did it change southern Arizona to an unbelievable extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=529.0,533.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: what did he really do economically? Well, it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=534.0,536.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: it made the cost of goods in Tucson suddenly radically changed and quite accessible. Plus, it enabled the opening of mines that were not feasible unless a transportation was cheap as it was with the railroad. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=537.0,552.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: this was the chair just wanted to drop you to explain to our viewers, this was the change from x driven carts and pony express to the railroad delivering goods carrying the mail and so forth. And that correct, Don, we want to take a break right now. And then we'll be back and talk more about rivaling railroad rival University and the changes they brought to Tucson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=553.0,617.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: done when the railroad came to saw, there was a great celebration. Was there a great cause for it? Besides the economics? What did it mean in the way of population change and growth for Tucson?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=618.0,630.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Ultimately, it meant a great deal towards spurring the growth of the community. The census of 1880, which was the year the railroad arrived, showed the Tucson had a population of about 7000, just over 7000. What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=631.0,641.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: was it in the 1860s? When you got your first mappings done?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=642.0,644.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, the first territorial census showed all of 900 persons. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=645.0,649.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: mean, Don, to say that you did the mapping and 1860s to map it since then. What do we have the comparison between 1860 Then and when the railroad came, and thereafter?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=650.0,662.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, in the 1860s, Tucson was a very tight little community that had spilled over the old Presidio walls. And by the 1880s, it acquired its it's town site that had run surveys, and the railroad itself had a great influence on the growth of Tucson in terms of where the railroad was located, and how Tucson expanded population of Tucson. By the time they well 7000. By the time the railroad came, it grew to 13,000 almost doubled just prior to statehood, which is 1912, which is 92. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=663.0,696.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: there were this was really a very important part of growth was there in addition to the railroad bringing in things did they also have an influence in taking out things for instance, the mining that was being done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=697.0,709.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the mining in southern Arizona was greatly aided by the coming of the railroad. But mining in the west at that time was also dependent upon federal mint policies, the purchase of silver, and the required purchasing meaning of silver causes the great cyclical action in Arizona mining, there was a boom in the 1880s followed by a bust in the late 1880s. Tucson and southern Arizona were often too much affected by mining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=710.0,741.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the big boom of course with silver mines a tombstone and that affected a great deal in Tucson to didn't it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=742.0,749.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: as it did, because of the the various mining booms that were going on around Southern Arizona, though, was one at Kyoto out in the present reservation, also Tucson or the tombstone, and about that time in the late 1880s was when copper was beginning to replace gold and silver as the important commodity mined in southern Arizona.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=750.0,771.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: At any time during the boom and bust period. Was there a decline in Tucson population did it look like Tucson was gonna really be in serious difficulty?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=772.0,779.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes, there was a decline because of the of the mining booms and busts that went on. Pima County was also being changed at that time. The original four counties of Arizona which Pima was one continued to be subdivided for political reasons as well as others, including the dissemination of Pima County. With the boom of Tombstone the creation of Cochise County came in 1881. And Tucson had been a supply center to what was going on in the southwest both mining and ranching. And in the 1890s, ranching had reached a point where critical overgrazing on Southern Arizona ranges led to a period of rapid change in Arroyo cutting. So we had excesses in mining we had excesses and ranching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=780.0,823.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: in the days in those early days of ranching, cattle were exported to to other markets from this area. Yes, they were. And was that a major industry? Would you say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=824.0,834.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes, and there were some rather large notable ranches in Arizona that were that were part of this cattle industry, and cattle can be shipped by railroad as well as overland drives. In Cochise County, the famous Sierra Bonita ranch of Colonel Henry hooker. The Empire ranch just to the southeast of Tucson was also a famous ranch operated by the Vail family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=835.0,857.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I wanted to ask you, when when you look back at the period and you study the history as you've done so thoroughly. Do you find anyone at all who planned with the idea that Tucson was going to be a city of this size today of going towards a million in 2000?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=858.0,875.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That's an interesting question. In my own mind, I asked myself, if I was in Tucson in March of 1880 when the railroad came, I suppose I thought that this is the ideal size of Tucson. We now have the railroad we have 7000 people in a few years time we'll have the territorial University. It's the perfect community. Why should it grow? And I'm sure that in the 1940s just prior to World War Two, when to sign was about 36,000 people. The people who lived here thought this is the ideal community, why should it grow? And if they hadn't had any knowledge, the Tucson in the present period of time the late 1980s would be exceeding 600,000 people they would have been horrified,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=876.0,915.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: then you you're not sure that you would have had the foresight yourself to have bought up all the land between the Presidio and the proud of the university, Don. Right. That's right. That's right. So now we turn to the arrival of the University of Arizona, chartered by the state in 1885. Doors open in 1891. And what changes spring on Tucson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=916.0,937.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: The change that the university brought to son is still something that you see, the census of 1920, unfortunately told us that the little hay ranch in the Salt River that we know as Phoenix, now exceeded Tucson in size past us in the 1920 census. And yet the feeling in Tucson is that the cultural heart of the state remains to be Tucson because of the influence of the territorial University and what that institution has become today. Of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=938.0,966.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the school that was a major school near Phoenix was then the State Teachers College, which is now as Arizona State University, which is surpassing University in enrollment. But in those days, it was really a minor teacher school, a good school for teachers, but it didn't have the influence on the state that the or the territory that University of Arizona had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=967.0,987.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That's true. And when you look at the original university, that is, you know, it opened its doors in 1891. What you find out as the most important schools on campus at that time, were mining and agriculture reflecting the very needs of the ven territory of Arizona.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=988.0,1002.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We're gonna get back to the subject the university's arrival in just a moment we'll take a break right now. Dawn University of Arizona, comes to this area, opposite door in 1891. With a handful of students, as you explained earlier, it was mostly in engineering and in agriculture, and in fact applied for land grant status with the with the federal government, but had to find a professor to teach agriculture or it wouldn't qualify for the grant. And they looked around as I recall, from reading history, they found no one who qualified. And so they had a turn to a lawyer, Salem, Franklin, who knew nothing about agriculture, but he became the first professor of agriculture. Is that correct? Yes, I think you know, tell us about the location of the university because it certainly wasn't in Tucson was it when it opened its doors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1003.0,1092.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: No. And you if you recall, the, the photographs of the original building, the old means sitting out in that greasewood desert, three eighths of a mile beyond the railroad, all isolated, the you asked about the location, the university and of course, the the act of the thieving 13th The legislature in 1885. appropriating $25,000. To begin the territory University was conditioned on the fact that the community would contribute a 40 acre site. And the original town side of Tucson which was primarily two acres bounded by Speedway First Avenue 22nd. And main was surrounded by breakdowns of the surveyed sections into 160 and 140 acre parcels. And the gift of the 40 acre parcel it was finally arranged and that story is well told and Doug Martin's lamp in the desert, with a Gambler's in the saloon with the cameras in the saloon keeper, yes, was accidental. It was on the northeast side of the original town site. And it will have a great influence on directing the growth of Tucson in the decades succeeding the opening of the university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1093.0,1160.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That's very interesting, because the growth at that time, very well could have gone where South","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1161.0,1166.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: could have gone south or north or even West that didn't do that. It went east primarily in slightly north.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1167.0,1173.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That's very interesting because now of course, we're spread out to the base of all the mountain ranges. But in those days in the early days, the university drew Tucson out as you're telling us to the east, and then the fill in came now. They have a very interesting story about how they got students back and forth to the university and and the city. What was the means of transportation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1174.0,1198.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: forward We're looking to son franchised a mule car trolley line connected the university with the downtown area and helped in terms of this influence of northwesterly growth and the course the the trailer not only provided to son's first public transit, but it also provided some of the earliest students of the university with the opportunity for good fun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1199.0,1223.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I imagined as a teacher at the university today I imagined it also gave the students some great excuses as professor I was late to class because the mule decided not to pull today Majan that they've made pretty good excuses. If those days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1224.0,1239.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: and the cars were light, and a number of students could actually pick them up and take them through the old west gate on onto campus at time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1240.0,1247.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And the line though, went to other areas. Tell us explain to us how the line came into the city where it went.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1248.0,1255.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Originally in the middle Carline went from West Gate to the university, which would be present day Park Avenue and University Boulevard, although it was known as third at that time, and it went east to Sona Avenue, and then it went down stone Avenue across the southern Pacific at grade must have been thrilling at times. And then into the heart of the downtown area where it ultimately connected with the Southern Pacific depot and the courthouse Pima County. Later on when the line was electrified, portions of that line were expanded. And for many years, Tucson dependent upon the trolley until New Year's Eve, December of 1931. The last week car ran from the university back to the car barn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1256.0,1301.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I wanted to ask you now, you were in planning and development in Tucson. You look at the city today. And the changes just must be enormous to you. As you look back and look at the early mapping and do your drawing and your calligraphy and so forth. What do you see as a development Tucson? It's had a lot of criticism as to rampant development. I want to ask you, do you think the development has been good? Has it been awful? Or is it been something that just had to come as it was because of the demand of people to come here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1302.0,1336.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: is I think the attractions of living in the desert southwest are are so important. And the fact that that the availability of evaporative cooling and refrigeration now makes the desert habitable even during the months of July and August and September. I think that that while all of us have in our minds, an ideal Tucson, usually it happened when we first came here. What about the Chicago one that arrives here next week, he's going to find that this is the ideal community. He doesn't want to see it grow and change. And if at 600,000 people I think it can be said the Tucson is still the biggest little city in America Tucson thinks of itself as a small town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1337.0,1382.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: But we're bad mistakes made or were the mistakes that couldn't be rectified because of the the steady, steady arrival of growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1383.0,1392.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I don't think bad mistakes were made. I think that it was difficult for a community like Tucson to absorb the compacted growth that occurred after World War Two. But I think that the time we had the cutting edge of planning theory, in hindsight, maybe we don't like the fact that suburbia has been multiplied in all western cities. downtown's have been abandoned and the shopping center has replaced the heart of the city in the neighborhood. What we're seeing is a suburbia, much like any Western or southwestern city, a characterless suburbia and we regret that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1393.0,1427.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So our problem is we're too attractive. We're too beautiful an area in which to live. And when you look back at the early days of Tucson, no one could have forecast what was going to come here. And yet those of us that were fortunate to live a half century or more here, still have to be delighted with it. And Don buskin I want to thank you very much for being with us today. And telling us about the early days of Tucson, population growth and how the city changed. Thank you very much. And we hope we'll be back with us next week. When I Witness to History brings you another important guest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1428.0,1465.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228#t=1466.0,1468.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74368/file/160228/transcript/38329/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/038/329/original/azu_ms685-021_a.vtt?1654117006","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/038/329/original/azu_ms685-021_a.vtt?1654117006"}]}]}]}