{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/7659c6sw4h/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Antonio Luigi Mazzitelli"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright The Arizona Board of Regents."]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The Celeste Gonzalez de Bustamante and Jeannine E. Relly Oral History Collection interview 20"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS533.020 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Documented Border collection (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2013-11-20 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Mexico (spatial)","temporal; 21st Century"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Censorship--Mexico--History--21st century","Freedom of the press--Mexico--History--21st century","Human rights--Mexico","Journalism--Mexico--21st century","Journalists--Mexico--Crimes against","Women journalists--Mexico"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["The Celeste Gonzalez de Bustamante and Jeannine E. Relly Oral History Collection, MS 533"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Celeste Gonzalez de Bustamante (interviewer)","Antonio Luigi Mazzitelli (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audio"]}}],"summary":{"en":["The Celeste Gonzalez de Bustamante and Jeannine E. Relly Oral History Collection interview 20"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright The Arizona Board of Regents."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms533_020_a.mp3"]},"duration":3301.45958,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/160/303/original/azu_ms533_020_a.mp3?1653516413","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":3301.45958,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ms533-020 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So first of all, thank you very much for giving us your time to participate in this study, I have a few questions of just about your profile as an interviewer, the participant, your education, forum, formal education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=3.0,19.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I studied law. And after I got my degree in law in Italy, I studied international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=20.0,29.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And your name and title.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=30.0,33.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I'm Tony mazzitelli, and I am the representative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=34.0,42.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And that includes part of the Caribbean or only metal to any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=43.0,44.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: longer these is a new typology of your office called the liaison and Partnership Office for Mexico. And it covers now where they only Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=45.0,62.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And the years that you've been involved in this organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=63.0,68.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: is over 23 years, I work with a un ODC and his previous, previous configuration, because in this latest 20 years, there has been a lot of changes, merging and restructuring of the UN Draak, an organized crime system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=69.0,95.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And do you happen to have any experience in journalism? The focus of our study, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=96.0,101.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: no directly? Not in journalism? With the academy? Yes, I have published a number of articles, but no, definitely, yeah. I have never practiced anything related to journalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=102.0,116.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Thank you, and your age,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=117.0,118.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: my age. I am 50.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=119.0,122.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And you're based here in Mexico City, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=123.0,124.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I'm based in Mexico, I arrived four and a half years ago. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=125.0,132.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And before that you were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=133.0,134.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: before I was for six and a half years as a regional representative of UN ODC. For Western Central Africa, based in the cash prize prior to the car, I was for five and a half years as a representative of UN ODC in Iran. Prior to Iran, I was as Deputy Director of the UN ODC office in Colombia. And prior to Columbia, I was in Lagos, Nigeria for for three years, always with UN ODC. And prior to Nigeria, I was in Vienna quarter where I started my career first with the International Narcotics Control Board with the Secretariat of the International Narcotics Control Board, and later on for one and a half years, with the Division of operation of UN DCP at the time, the drug control program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=135.0,195.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Can you tell us about the fundamental the basic goals of your organization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=196.0,201.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, we have our mandates come from three set of international conventions, the one related to drug control, all the conventional system, which is which has been designed in order to control a production, distribution and an a supply of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The second set related to the convention, focusing on transnational organized crime, and it's three additional protocol on trafficking a human being smuggling of migrants and smuggling of small arms. The third set relates to the anti corruption convention assigned in 2003 year in Merida. In addition to this, we operate also in the normative area with respect to the 16 internationalist room and against terrorism. But our approach as far as terrorism is concerned, is purely normative assistance to state in order to endorse being part of the protocols and reflect them into a national legislation as far as drug corruption and transnational organized crime. together with ERC, the normative assistance we operate also through a technical cooperation projects by providing technical inputs in order to facilitate changes in the situation in the ground.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=202.0,318.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Could you elaborate on that what you mean by technical inputs offering is underground training is that what it is or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=319.0,328.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: visually straining is not training this facilitation of processes, so we can provide a number of technical inputs are focused with focus anyhow, on the strengthening of institutional, but not only institutional, but also civic society capacity to address the problem in an holistic way. So we can directly provide training, we can provide material or technical instruments that then are translated by our national or local counterpart. In specific curricula. We also operate directly in organizing, facilitating articulating debates or initiative that my results into technical cooperation projects that are locally owned. Besides this area, we also operate on the normative side, making sure that the normative framework do allow a certain kind of intervention in the field. In certain countries, but this is definitely not the case of Mexico and the greatest majority of Latin American countries, we do provide also hardware, radios, car equipment that are needed to nation and institution to address problems. When I was in Iran, I worked on a big project on the strengthening of border facilities, or in Africa, we were involved even in the rebuilding of the prison setting, because there were no prison. So clearly, our role, our technical cooperation projects are strictly dependent on the situation and the requirements of our national counterpart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=329.0,463.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And how did you get involved in this organization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=464.0,467.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, just by chance, I was studying for the diplomatic career, and studying for the diplomatic career I was offered, I was offered, I run a test for the junior professional officer scholarship program, under which some governments provide to the UN, a number of a junior officer for a period, a short period of time, I was selected, and I started my career with the Secretariat of the International Narcotics Control Board in 99. But it was just by chance, they I ended up in this area, it was not something I had a target in particular, or that is related to my previous background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=468.0,522.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And what what types of support does the your organization offer to journalists?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=523.0,529.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, to journalists, we work we have work all over the world. Certainly we work with journalist and opinion makers in the area of advocacy. We do quite a lot in order to make sure that journalist opinion makers do we have access to the correct information with respect to our specific areas of intervention, it relates to drug both in terms of demand and supply, but it also relate more and more to address national organized crime or to the new approach that we are trying to give to transnational organized crime and contractual explaining the mechanism that makes sure that unfortunately, illicit market on one side or corruptive behavior can prosper. So, advocacy information, sometimes, either And I would say very targeted information. I give you the example of, for instance of the current debate about drug policies, what the convention specifically say regarding drugs? And what on the opposite is reflected by the common opinion common knowledge? Or what are the convention allowed to do? Or what are the model, the best model that have been already developed, that both respond to the objective of the convention, and at the same time can provide institution partners with the efficient tools in order to change the situation in the ground, with the objective of in the case of drug providing better services, respecting human rights, etc, etc, etc. This is the overall activities, we run at global level, we have an advocacy section that directly relates with opinion media, as well as with the. Total piano","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=530.0,691.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: when we're talking about the type of support that your organization offers to, to journalists, in the advocacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=692.0,700.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: role, one part and the other part of it was a specific year to Mexico when I arrived here four years ago, we realized that following also a number of missions, particularly in Chihuahua, and later on Baja, California, that there was a peculiar situation here in Mexico that had never been experienced in any other parts of the world, that was related to the development by criminal groups of target communications strategy involving media's particularly local media's who at the very beginning, probably, because of lack of understanding, later on, because of the development the generation of a number of I would say inanimate relation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=701.0,778.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And because of because of that, there was an infiltration conscious A, how can I say, Machiavelli, use it by criminal groups of media, with the objective of broadcasting a message, a message that ad as targets, on one side, their opponents, other criminal groups operating in the same territory. Secondly, the general public with a message of terror, intimidation, and third, the very institution both at local and at federal level, this is something unusual also for criminal groups, which certainly intrigued us both in terms of development of Criminal Minds and criminal cultures, but also as part of the UN as a direct threat to human rights and to freedom of price. This is the reason why we got involved into a small project we implemented in 2011 2012, which tried to, to analyze the situation journalist and media were living in four different regions of Mexico, analyzing the threads, analyzing the origin of those threads, because not in all region threads were coming from criminal groups and also analyzing the responses responses that were given by the very journalist in certain cases by the society and the institution in others, by the owner of mediate that in many cases play an important role in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=779.0,919.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What were the four regions that you looked at in Mexico?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=920.0,921.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We look at North center south? And yes, I don't remember the fourth. Yes, probably. Now. We what we did was with, with an organization with consultants, from a think tank to organize a workshop, trying to involve as many journalists, the owner of media's and institutes institution as possible to discuss the threat that they were leaving, and the experience they had, or the mechanism they had developed in order to protect themselves from from the strength center. Yes. That was the third one or the fourth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=922.0,977.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And why is it do you think that that this situation began to develop in Mexico, with respect to the criminal organizations, trying to use the media as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=978.0,993.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: an evolution of criminal groups, criminal groups that previously were just a business operators. At a certain moment, they started to become more and more involved into the control of territory. And in order to control the territory, they needed to broadcast their presence to make sure everybody knew who was in charge of that, of that territory. This is why they started moving from a low profile. Low Profile also in terms of violence, Edan violence, a strategy towards a much more evident strategy of violence, showing the capital decapitated bodies, or people hanging with Narco mantas had the specific objective of transmitting a message. And in order to transmit this message, they also needed journals, and media or to broadcast it. So the was, at the very end, an unfortunate and unhealthy common interest by organized group and media's in broadcasting, violence, the criminal group in order to broadcast their own message we are here. This is a message for our competitors for media at the very beginning, nothing more than a reporting on violence, but more these are dynamic advance getting involved as taking parts consciously or not into these transmission mechanisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=994.0,1108.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And you say that this started in the north of Mexico, and then do you think other criminal organizations started to replicate that sort of behavior?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1109.0,1120.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, it was particularly evident in the north, and much, much less in the other part of the of the country. But nevertheless, it certainly does us use of media in order to broadcast message ad become a pattern of certain criminal groups, particularly those criminal groups whose objective was to control a territory and through the media had the capacity of clearly widening an echoing their operational capacity, well beyond the area where they had committed a crime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1121.0,1167.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Is that one of the reasons do you believe that local journalists were being targeted more than national level?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1168.0,1177.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Absolutely, yes. Yeah. At the very end of the objective of those criminal group was to secure 3030. Not to broadcast it at the, I would say a federal level. Their objective was to give a clear message to the competitors in that 32 already as well as to the general public and the institution, particularly local institution, which were, which were there. So, clearly the most at risk. Media operators were local media operators.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1178.0,1220.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Maybe this is a bad way of phrasing it, but would you say that, that this strategy by the criminal organizations was successful?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1221.0,1229.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I will say to a certain extent, yes. Till media started to realize that they were instrumental tweet, and started through the endorsement, first of all of the loan protection mechanism, and later on joining into much larger Union Association endorsing a code of conduct, as well as ethical code, putting a number of rules for instant, yes, indeed, reporting, but not publishing photos, not translating, or not reproducing messages. In other words, media's and journalists are starting to realize that they were becoming the instrument of communication strategies by organized criminal groups. And this became a locally and later on, it became in water if I'm, if I'm not wrong in 2011. Most of the major media has join and signed a kind of agreement for for self protecting I would I wouldn't talk about censoring, but taking some measures in order not to become instrument of organized crime, communication strategies?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1230.0,1338.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And was the UN ODC involved in setting up some of that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1339.0,1344.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: No, no, no, no, no, we just implemented our projects. We after the project, we were also involved at the very beginning into the setting gap of what is now the mechanism of for the protection of journalists and human rights operators. Through the project, we fed this mechanism with a number of concrete output and products, such as there were no and probably they are still under debate. There were no mechanism, no procedures that could for instance, in in a case of threat to a journalist outweigh evaluate the threat and which are the protective measures that should be allowed for our long by whom I mean, sometimes sometimes in most of the case, unfortunately, is not easy to evaluate, what the state's what the institution I would say not even the states should provide as well as out to evaluate the escalation of threats or the reduction of threats. during a certain time, you cannot provide the same security measures to everybody indefinitely, you have to start to structure because you are working away that limited resources, any any any escort as to be tailored to the trans, you cannot provide the normal vehicles to everybody. I mean, also because you don't have it, and because if you provide an escort 24 hours, you were taking out four or six police officers from their own duty, so you have to replace them. So generate the protocol generate the mechanism that may allow the institution both federal but particularly at local level. The capacity for responding to the threat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1345.0,1496.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: and the UN ODC was I helped to draft the mechanism and the protocols.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1497.0,1504.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We participated as well as we ended over to the, to the previous, a consultative inter institutional mechanism wasn't charge of designing the mechanism and provided immediate response to requests for protection by journalists and human rights operators. We provided them with some some ideas or some studies or some products, concrete products, as well as we work trying to spot and capitalize maximise. On already existing good practices. We discovered, for instance, that in Chihuahua, journalists are joined together elaborating a manual for self protection. So there were already a number of initiative in in this area that could provide ideas to other scenarios, national scenarios.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1505.0,1583.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What about the well, let me ask you about the mechanism for the protection of human rights activists and journalists. How would you say that that has worked so far?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1584.0,1596.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: No, I don't know. Because we stepped down as soon as the mechanism was established. We we stopped collaborating with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1597.0,1611.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Was the UN ODC involved at all in the trying to push forward the amendment to the Constitution to make a crime directly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1612.0,1621.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: but certainly, as part of the mecanismo, we were also involved in this debate, I would say that the we did not play a major role, but certainly we were part of it, with our analysis of the threat. And with respect only to journalists, and not so much to human rights operators, we worked very close. Or we were close to our colleagues from the office. On Human Rights of the UN, they hire the Office of the High Commissioner on human rights in Mexico, that was part of the the SAS search of the mechanism. And if I'm not wrong, it is still playing a role within the mechanism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1622.0,1676.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Does your organization work? Or collaborate all directly with the public? Would you say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1677.0,1683.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes, well, in our in our exercise, we work with journalists, we work with the academia. Our idea is to convoke the stakeholder of media and yes, media enterprises, communication, enterprises. So we involved in the same exercise journalist, owners of mass media's the academia and institution trying to work out an analysis of the threat as well as a number of proposals in order to provide concrete response to the different tribes that were not all the same all over the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1684.0,1740.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And did you do that through interviews or workshops, conferences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1741.0,1745.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: it was a workshop, it was workshops with a different subjects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1746.0,1754.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: different stakeholders, different groups sector coming yes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1755.0,1756.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: sectors of the society. Yes, exactly. Yeah. But trying them to put all together to discuss debate in certain case it was possible. In other cases, it was not possible. And I must say also, that in in some occasion, we had to cancel at the very last moment, the exercise because of security risk. Or, in other cases, we had no participation by journalist. We decided not to not to attend because they didn't want to, to discuss matters with institutions. So we discovered a very, very uh, interesting, an unknown panorama scenario.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1757.0,1806.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Could you tell me a little bit more about that was that in the last couple years it was that in the 2011 2012 2012?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1807.0,1813.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes, this is when we run this project that was a small projects. And yet, we had to face a completely unknown situation, which or whatever told us something about the condition of working of journalist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1814.0,1831.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So for their Do you think it was some of the journalists felt it was for their own protection they didn't want to participate on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1832.0,1840.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: before their own protection, but also, they, in certain cases, for reasons they had, or they were fighting, they were in a clash with a state institution, so they didn't want to participate in events. Wherever we went, we went with the containment and the support of state institutions. So participating in an event on protection of journalists in certain contexts where the journalist felt they were threatened, or they had a bad relation with the institution resulted in the boycott by journalist of the event. In other cases, we discovered that the very journalists were fighting among themself that there was an in a certain there was a certain dynamic that certainly did not offer journalists least the condition for protecting themself on the opposite, they were competing each other in order to So assuming more risk, my become a higher reward for the individual journalist. In other we were informed openly of corruption existing among journalists themselves, lack of professionalization, lack of an overall control over who does what, but present him or herself as a journalist. So also, I would say, a scenario much more atomized than what somebody might expect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1841.0,1961.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And was this in his particular area of the country, or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1962.0,1968.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: we discover it certain cases well, that were directly related to to the dynamic of the workshops. But generally speaking, certain features may be applicable, or all over the country, for instance, the need for professionalizing the work of journalists, the need for putting more clarity about the financial sustainability of local media's local journalists, that in many cases are extremely dependent on support by by by state institution, so the generation of certainly not the most conducive environment for pro protecting and developing freedom of press. I would say that all those features were quite common. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=1969.0,2026.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And what organizations what's governmental organizations or entities were you working with on the Mexican national working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2027.0,2035.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: at a global level, all our work was coordinated, I repeat, coordinated and to a very, to a certain extent, by the Ministry of Interior governance, Yan. This is our overall partner, but certainly whatever we were going we were trying to organize our activities with a state institution. So whether local state executive power is trying to rally around the the academia that mean most of the case is directly involved in this debate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2036.0,2087.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We've talked a little bit about the collaborations with with the Ministry of Interior or other other organizations at the international or national level that Have you collaborate with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2088.0,2100.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: with the international level we worked, we had a collaboration because we tried to generate synergies within the UN system with UNESCO. And we, with the specialized the UNESCO program on on journalists, so to facilitate or a broadcast, the services that UNESCO may provide, particularly in the area of professionalization of, of a journalist, and later on, and because of these experience, we were also invited not to participate in the overall initiative that at the UN level is a ladder by UNESCO placed in the area of protection of freedom of press that applies to conflict post conflict, but also develop a spatial I will say component with respect to threat to journalist by your criminal organization, or as far as UN ODC is concerned and is not the case of Mexico wherever threat to journalists reporting about corruption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2101.0,2178.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: in a national or local level other NGOs or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2179.0,2188.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: it depends on the region in Chihuahua, we work the louder with the collective or the periodistas were set up. Which is related to I don't remember which university and that generated a number of self security protocols. A number of extremely, I would say interesting instruments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2189.0,2221.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Do you remember some of those kinds of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2222.0,2224.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: instruments? Yes, those protocol for instance, protocols manuals, that maybe I am something here. Okay. Yes, they should be done. They're on fire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2225.0,2257.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay. Keep this your second write down the title. Thank you. Great. And with respect to the question of freedom of the press, and the threats against journalists, what exactly inspired the work of the UN ODC if you if you were here at that particular year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2258.0,2284.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: investigating the relation between organized crime and threat to through freedom of expression and journalists, so investigating these peculiar features of threat to journalist that are developed in Mexico, and that was quite unique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2285.0,2308.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Do you remember how you started to find out about this pattern, real media","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2309.0,2313.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: media, clearly reading, read the newspaper and start wondering what is happening now, this is not the way the organized crime operates violence, generally speaking, or operated by organized crime attend to be eaten, not to be so broadcasted, so visible. So there must be something else there must be a disease must be this feature must be part of an evolution of organized crime. So we cannot apply the same or the old traditional categories to drug traffickers. Use for drug traffickers, for the cartels, to the use of violence that we are witnessing in Mexico. If I have a drug route to defend, well, I'm not going to cut ahead and showing everybody I will do it, but I will, I will use violence in a much more subtile way, using violence in such a evident visible way as another pool post. So let's find out what is happening, but from them from this starting point. Then we started To discover a number of other situation, which certainly also impact on freedom of expression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2314.0,2410.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Is this the same thing? Would you say I know this is not your area, but geographically in Guatemala and Honduras, where there are also many threats against journalism?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2411.0,2423.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Certainly, yes, at the very beginning, because this office for the very first two years 2009 2010 till mid 2011, was a covering also Central American, the Caribbean. So I would say that some of the features, some, not all of the Mexico experience did also apply to, to some scenarios of Central America. Definitely, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2424.0,2457.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And what is it that sets apart the UN ODC compared to other organizations that might be working on some of these same issues?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2458.0,2470.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, we have a specific mandate, and we probably are the only UN organization dealing and Avenham expertise on organized crime. So this is the only reason why we start in our our objective at the very beginning was not protection of freedom of expression, but was understanding what was happening, an owl, organized crime, or the activity of or of criminal organization, may become a threat to big freedoms, big rights as a freedom of expression. Compared to other institution, certainly we have the unique knowledge of a criminal organization, their markets out, they do use violence, as well as we have a specific now in understanding which are the most probably cost effective, short, medium and long term solution to a threat caused by organized crime. When we discovered that, in certain cases, threat are not generated by organized crime by but by another actor. Clearly this is not any longer our our our areas of intervention, and theirs are much better than us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2471.0,2566.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: How would you characterize the situation now as an as compared to a few years ago, when you were in 2011 2012,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2567.0,2574.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: what probably is a little bit better. Also, because another features that we discover is that in certain cases, Mexico leaves a very and is leaving a very important transition from one conception and one way of administering a security and justice to another. In certain cases, the lack of professionalization on one side by journalist, the lack of professionalization on the other side by policemen are generated conflicts, which at the end resulted in clashes, certain case, even confrontation between a journalist and security operators. I give you the example of a protection and the need of maintaining the scene of crime. Now, Mexican journalist in many areas, because they lacked the professionalization needed would immediately step up also, because called by a criminal organization on the scene of crime, breaking or polluting the evidence that then the police must collect. So the policeman and that tell the journalist, look, I don't want you here, year, step out of here because I have to do my job. But I also have to do my job that was creating a clashes and institution, we're not able to manage the interest of journalists on one side the interest of justice on the other side. So in many cases, our work was scooping the need for creating channel of secure community occation between the institution and the journalist, allowing the journalist to do his job, but at the same time preserving the mandate of security of justice institution in preserving the scene of crime and the investigation that has to be run. So this was part of, of what we discovered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2575.0,2725.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So there was a lack of professionalization among police as law enforcement as well as the journalists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2726.0,2733.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the was lack of protocols on out one. On one side, the, the chain, the judicial chain needed for the accusatory system. On the other side was lack of professionalization by the journalist in reporting news. And the tool generated conflicts. We witness a situation where Jonah's were publishing photos of victims of trafficking in human beings. First Page, re victimizing the victim, exposing the victim to the risk of being immediately spotted by the traffickers. So the need of also securing those who are right of victims, how to deal with confidentiality in case of an investigation, where the right to report should preserve the right on one side to protect the victim on the other side, to carry on with the investigation. So all these elements that certainly are part of a democratic, but also regulated way of informing people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2734.0,2842.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: As the relationship between the UN ODC, and the Ministry of the Interior works,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2843.0,2851.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Dima was excellent on this area. That was doing Yes. And now. Now, we are not involved anymore in this area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2852.0,2864.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Because it's not as it's gotten better,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2865.0,2868.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: because there is the mechanism, the mechanism has been already set. And yes, there is no more than in for you and ODC to step in, there are our colleague from the office on human rights. At the very end, that we have not been requested to continue to provide any kind of service as far as Ministry of Interior is concerned. We will see if at state level, there is this need, but apparently there is not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2869.0,2901.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So is that how it works. You were contacted first by the Ministry of Interior or the you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2902.0,2906.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: know, our own initiative. We took this initiative, we presented this initiative to the Ministry of Interior, and we go to the green light by them to move ahead. I mean, this was a project financed with external funding. And but they were very keen in a capitalizing on the research work that we were doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2907.0,2937.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What would you say are the at the time when you were involved in these projects? Were then the main obstacles or challenges dealing you've talked about some normative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2938.0,2950.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the lack of a normative framework, which allows particularly the federal government to step in, when threats were formulated, secondly, the lack of capacity at at the state level. Third, the overall lack of any I would say any any mechanism, established mechanism procedure to assess threats and respond. Consequently, nobody knew who was In charge of what and when somebody was identified the year the problem to find out how to address the problem. So it was something absolutely new, both at state and federal level. Third, also the, the lack of trust by journalist, visa vie any kind of offer. And, understandably, also the lack of understanding on dialogue between journalists and their strength and institutions. Clearly the journalist is leaving a certain situation and he's targeting to a certain response, the institution might have problem in providing what the journalist is expecting, now, understanding creating a common ground for understanding look, this is what I can do is not that I cannot, I don't want to, but I cannot do it. I cannot do it for a number of reasons. But on the other hand, I can offer you this, no, I don't want this you are offering me this, but I will go publicly saying that you are doing nothing, because I want this. So, creating the common ground of understanding that was also the objective of the mechanist, which is made of representative from journalists, then human rights operators institution. So the majors are not dictated by our recommended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=2951.0,3130.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: what area would you say needs more. Just to close, needs more investigation, what needs more study with respect to this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=3131.0,3144.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: knows, Sincerely speaking, as I told you is already more than one year that we are not in definitely the performances of the mechanism and the capacity also, both of the academia, the Association of Journalists on one side, and on the other side, that institution, particularly local, but also further institution, to address the problem through also a number of parallel features. The issue of professionalization of journalists, for instance, should be duly explored, also in order to create the need that environment that can protect not only journalist from the threat of organized crime, but But you read the journalist from other threads, including the threat of securing their job, the very end we had almost the impression that journalists were kind of sub proletariat forces, that owner of immediate could could could recruit and sack at his own way. So, that might not be the best environment within which freedom of press can be cultivated. So creating, generating professionally is making sure that also there is rather than competition. Feeling of protecting securing trade union rights, maybe my help journalist in doing a better job, secondly, making accountable the owners of of mass media, who often as soon as there is a problem. They wash their hands and they say well, this is not anymore. My problem sorted out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=3145.0,3290.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: handed over to the authorities. Exactly. Anything else you would like to add?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303#t=3291.0,3293.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1285/collection_resources/74432/file/160303/transcript/38231/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/038/231/original/azu_ms533_020_a.vtt?1654024632","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/038/231/original/azu_ms533_020_a.vtt?1654024632"}]}]}]}