{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/542j679q1m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Mirror Lab, Roger Angel "]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona Alumni Forum videocassettes, MS 646, box 3, tape 2"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Angel, J. Roger P. (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["7/1/88"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Guest - Dr. Roger Angel, Founder and Director, University of Arizona Mirror Lab."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS646.031 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona Alumni Forum videocassettes (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Guest - Dr. Roger Angel, Founder and Director, University of Arizona Mirror Lab."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/159/344/small/azu_ms646-031_a.mp4_1651699046.jpg?1651699047","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms646-031_a.mp4"]},"duration":1599.432,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/159/344/small/azu_ms646-031_a.mp4_1651699046.jpg?1651699047","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/344/original/azu_ms646-031_a.mp4?1651699039","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1599.432,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms646-031 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Hi there and welcome to Arizona alumni forum. My name is Jay Rocklin, the University of Arizona has research in the field of astronomy has always been significant. The work currently being done if you have a mirror lab will have a profound effect on the future of all optical ground based telescopes. Our guest today is Dr. Roger Angell, the founder and the director of the mirror laboratory. And also a little bit later in the program, we're gonna be showing a videotape that will further explain the work being done the mirror lab, welcome Dr. Angel, good to have you come down and talk to us. Before we get down to talking about the mirror lab in the mirror isn't exactly what you do. Let's get to know you a little bit. You came to the University of Arizona about 15 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=33.0,68.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That's right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=69.0,69.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: what brought you to Arizona.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=70.0,71.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: The astronomy the ability to I used to do astronomy from New York and I got fed up of flying out to the west to do my work. Okay, so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=72.0,79.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: here you are. And you were originally an astronomer, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=80.0,84.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yeah. So I guess,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=85.0,86.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the same time you build telescopes, now you don't do astronomy. Now you build tools for other people to do astronomy. Was that a tough switch for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=87.0,93.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I'm not quite happy with that. It's a It's a tradition, I think, a poor tradition that's come in astronomy for people to think of themselves just as sort of users of telescopes. But historically, people like Isaac Newton and Herschel and people recommend both to observe the sky and to build equipment. And it's a tradition in physics, right? In physics. You don't stop calling somebody a physicist because they make the equipment. Sure the experiments though. So I think I'm following a long tradition here and making telescopes as well as using it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=94.0,123.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: that's true. At the same time, you must miss being out there actually all and get the stars with your own eyes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=124.0,127.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I do. It's a fantastic experience, to be on the mountain. And to find something new and this guy is is an incredible thrill that happens to you just a few times. That's a wonderful thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=128.0,137.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Let's talk about astronomy. Well, why is there Why is there still Earth, not astronomy, we hear so much about problems with the atmosphere. And we also hear so much about how much better we can see above the atmosphere. Why do we still do it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=138.0,149.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, it's true that in a perfect world, if we could make our observations from above the atmosphere, they're certainly cleaner. But unfortunately, the costs and delays and so on with doing astronomy from space are really enormous. Cost differential, for instance, is between 100 and 1000 times more expensive will the same telescope in space, it is as it is on the ground. And it's been very disappointing that the big space telescope is going to be launched when the show comes back on here is about the same as the smaller ones on Kitt Peak on SAS, one and a half billion dollars. 20 years of agony. So yes, you can have some buddies professional life, right. And there are a lot of people whose you know, careers have already gone out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=150.0,197.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So we have Earth bound astronomy, and it's still doing important new work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=198.0,201.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yeah, basically, what we have to do is those things which can only be done in space, those are the things that can only justify being done there. Anything that you can do from the ground is generally far better to do from there. So there's a fairly natural division.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=202.0,215.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay. reading about telescopes, like it's always been my impression that the Russian 200 inch telescope is, is about as big as American get without beginning to distort under its own weight and rendered useless. Is that still the case? Or is the technology you've gotten into change that fact? No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=216.0,232.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think that's that's exactly right. If you make a fairly, if you take a simple disk of glass, which is what most mirrors today are made of, then you reach a limit at somewhere around the Panama size, or definitely by the Russian size, where the thing is not it's too heavy. And there are two ways to go. One is to make the thing very thin to make it light, and then it becomes flexible. And you have to use a lot of electronic controls to hold the shape. And that's an avenue that's being explored in Japan and Europe. And the avenue we're exploring is to make it light, but now make it as a honeycomb structure, which is a way to get both lightness and stiffness together. So our direction is to make mirrors which can hold their shape, which are light and which don't need masses of electronics to hold them hold their shape, because so with this honeycomb common technology that you're working on now, have you enlarge step theoretical limit or not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=233.0,292.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yeah, I think I'll talk to you 100 inches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=293.0,295.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: No, we're going up. The current sort of general limit is is for me heaters are a little less than 200 inches is what most research telescopes are. And basically, we're doubling that limit to eight meters, which is twice what's conventionally used. Now, it's bigger than anything that exists bigger than the ration. And so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=296.0,312.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: that's an incredible size difference in diameter. But what's the what's the size difference in terms of actual area viewing area? That's, that's even more enormous as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=313.0,320.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: well, yeah, the eight meter mirrors the webu, making collect two and a half times as much light as the Palomar five meter, which is the largest single successful mirror, really. So it is a very big step. Can you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=321.0,334.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: rotate with you that we're going to see in just a moment that'll explain a whole lot more about just what you do at the University of Arizona and then we'll come back after that tape and ask you some follow up questions to clarify some of the things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=335.0,346.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=347.0,346.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: we'll be back in just a moment. Please stay with us. Hi, and welcome back to Arizona alumni forum, Jay Rocklin. here with you, talking with Dr. Roger Angell, the head of the University of Arizona's mirror lab, Dr. Angel when you brought tape along with you that's going to explain further and show pictures of some of the things that you do. Tell us a little bit about what to look for in this tape and what's gonna be going on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=347.0,381.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, we're going to see a tape which shows the first mirror that we made in the new neural lab, and it was the trial and the demonstration of a new type of furnace there. Since then, we have made a much bigger mirror but this gives a real good feeling of of how things are done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=382.0,398.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Great. Let's take a look at that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=399.0,403.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: anticipation. Arizona stadium the University of Arizona Tucson shivers with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=404.0,416.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the body's bare down cheerleaders scream out, fans stand up. Everyone struggles to see what's going to happen to the gridiron stars. game's over, everyone's gone. But there's still anticipation here. Just a few feet below the stands and anxious team of astronomers are concerned about seeing another kind of stars at stake of view more spectacular than from anyplace else on Earth. But that's only if everything goes well. Calm faces belie mounting tensions. When working at the brink of human knowledge, things can fall apart in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=417.0,468.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: hurry, though, they'll do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=469.0,472.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: a few short","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=473.0,476.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: years of work hang in the balance. What Roger Angell and his team from steward observatory are attempting to do here has never been done before. If successful, their eight meter telescope Mir will be the biggest ever revolutionising astronomy the world over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=477.0,512.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We've gone through a period where the largest research telescopes have been awarded four meters in diameter. And there is now a great need to make bigger telescopes, we inevitably find ourselves looking at very faint objects. If you play the game with a telescope of looking at things a very long distance away in order to look back in time because the light takes a long time to get to us. Then the interesting things as we see them. Very old objects, when we see them back towards the beginning of the universe, are inevitably very faint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=513.0,549.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We have always looked for answers in the stars. In 1610, Galileo became the father of astronomy by using ground glass lenses to bend or refract light through a to seeing the heavens as never before. In 1668, Sir Isaac Newton discovered he could get an even better view of the stars, not by refracting light through a lens, but by reflecting it off a concave mirror. The modern optical telescope was born since Newton's day, seeing further and further into the heavens has meant making bigger and bigger mirrors. By 1917 100 inch mirror was installed on Mount Wilson, California. By 1949. The 200 inch Hale telescope went to work on Mount Palomar near San Diego. But the bigger the mirror, the bigger the problems. concave mirrors must be precisely ground from a solid chunk of cast glass. The casting process itself is tricky. grinding and polishing takes many tedious months to remove up to 20 tons of glass. And the finished mirror still ends up and unwieldy, enormously heavy slab of glass. What's worse, all that glass creates other problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=550.0,629.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: with thermal expansions of the material, say where my hand is touching it down here, it's heating up the glass, and it gets longer on the back than on the front, and it'll actually make a bow in the front surface. The other way to ruin the image is this glass is warming up in the room, let's say and it's getting warmer than the air around. And that turbulent layer can also spoil the image of a telescope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=630.0,659.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Thermal distortion has been such an obstacle that only one mirror larger than 200 inches was installed after 1949 and the Soviets 236 inch bat mirror has been plagued with problems. There have been breakthroughs in telescope technology with electronic detectors computerized tracking systems, and in recent years smaller multiple mirror telescopes, such as this one on Mount Hopkins, Arizona. But limits and mirror size continued to stymie astronomers. Until recently, when Roger Angell announced an impossible sounding goal, his team would attempt to cast an eight meter mirror nearly 315 inches across the idea of how to do that begins with a simple beaker of water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=660.0,715.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: If you imagine molten glass and a mold as being like water in a beaker, then you can understand the basic principles of spin casting. When you rotate the beaker, the water rotates with it and centrifugal forces push the water out to the side and it rises up the side of the baker. In fact, it tends to take on the shape of a paraboloid which is exactly the shape that's required to focus light from a distant star to a point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=716.0,740.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: to test their theory the angel team began by casting small mirrors learning from each the important lessons that would ensure eventual success of the eight meter casting they soon discovered. Making a mirror is a lot like baking a cake. All you need is a cake pan or a mold the same size and shape is the mirror and an oven big enough to hold the cake pan and hot enough to melt glass. Then all you have to do is figure out how tons of hot oven cake pan and melted glass can spin around at precisely controlled speeds without leaking or falling to pieces. Simple right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=741.0,780.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Wrong. To start off with the cake pan that using the oven at home is what we use generically the same glass is what we use to make the mirrors. So we're we're not baking the cake, we're melting the cake pan, our furnace goes up to 20 350 degrees F. So this this furnace isn't one that you can just go out and you know, to your local furnace store and say give me one of these, how much does it cost, we had to design and build the majority of the things that went into it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=781.0,833.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: tackling the problem of mirror way, Angel and his team took their cue from earlier experiments, which foresaw making a mirror with a strong yet lightweight honeycomb structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=834.0,845.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: honeycomb design you need because it gives you a very efficient mirror to light but nevertheless stiff and it also is thermally responsive. And we need a mirror with whose temperature we can change readily so that we can keep it at the same temperature as a nighttime air and that's needed to get good images from the material we use is is quite fragile. And so when the glass is is finally melted and it's cooled off and we get it out at room temperature, we then have blocks of refractory material trapped inside the glass that have left voids in it and we remove those by blasting of a high pressure water so with the material isn't actually dissolved that breaks up under the action the water and then comes out in small pieces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=846.0,897.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Revelation if if there was an was the realization that if we ventilated the honeycomb structure to bring it into equilibrium with the nighttime air, we could use traditional mirror materials which, like Pyrex, or Bora silicate glass, which have generally been not used for the last 20 years. Because if you have a solid mirror, the old fashioned materials won't work. But in a honeycomb era, where you control the temperature they will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=898.0,933.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: With the mold or cake pan prepared, the cake mix in the form of glass blocks is carefully cleaned of impurities and stacked in place over the mold.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=934.0,959.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Then a few touch ups and photographs for posterity, and the oven is closed, firing can now begin. Inside, that glass melts, and the oven spins at a precise speed to achieve the exact curvature desired. The temperature and configuration of the mold inside are closely monitored.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=960.0,988.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Roger watches the parabolic shape emerged within one millimeter of its final configuration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=989.0,995.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And seconds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=996.0,1006.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: After weeks of cooling and annealing, the mirror is ready to be removed from its mold. After cleanup the mirror is set for its final phase, grinding and polishing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1007.0,1018.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I'm standing in front of the two meter polishing machine that we're going to use to polish the six foot f1 mirror for the Vatican telescope. When we eventually get to polishing eight meter mirrors, you have to imagine something about four times the size. The machine can consist of a turntable that the mirror sets on and rotates on. And a carriage that drives the polishing tool back and forth across the mirror, and also has a motor so that we can drive the polishing tool and rotation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1019.0,1048.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: While really there are two pieces of of technology where we're sort of pushing on the frontier one is learning how to make the honeycomb mirror structures. And the other is learning how to polish much deeper curves into these structures and has been done before. And the point of making a very deep curve in a mirror is that you can make a telescope that combines both a very big aperture so it collects a lot of light. But it's also very short. The Hale telescope is a good example. It's almost the largest telescope in the world has a five meter mirror that's 17 foot diameter mirror. But the length of the telescope tube in that case is 55 feet long. And that leads to an enormous Cathedral like enclosure. Now the eight meter mirrors that we're looking at, which will be 26 feet in diameter that collects more than twice as much light as the five meter Hale telescope. But the length of these, the new telescope will be 30 feet, which is almost half the length of the Panama telescope. So we get twice as much light collected more than twice as much light. And a telescope, which is only half as long and correspondingly needs a smaller building to turn it around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1049.0,1126.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: The new mirror casting and polishing process has already been a success with smaller mirrors. This mirror was commissioned by pope john paul for use in the Vatican Observatory. But the University of Arizona team already sees the day when a generation of eight meter telescopes will give the world's astronomers an unprecedented view of the heavens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1127.0,1148.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, what people now see is a great opportunity to advance astronomy is to go back to a neglected area that is the making of these big optical telescopes and make a new generation much bigger. And that is why or not only in the US but all over the world. People are seizing on this opportunity. I see these eight meter mirrors as a way for the US to maintain its leadership. And the challenge to me in the future is to learn how to make these things so efficiently. Then, in fact, we can build bigger telescopes with more collecting area and hold the leadership that we currently enjoy but won't enjoy any longer unless we work hard at it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1149.0,1204.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Thanks for staying with us. And welcome back to our final segment of Arizona alumni forum. Jay, rockin still with you with Dr. Roger Angell, quite a tape that kind of told the story but a couple more questions, we'd really like to ask you this last couple of minutes. One funny one is what's like a state of the yard mirror lab that's like the best in the world doing underneath the football stadium at the University of Arizona.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1205.0,1226.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, we needed a big space. Okay. And we needed I wanted very much to be on campus, because we're right by the optical sciences, the observatory national observatory already so many people clustered there. And it's, I find it very valuable to have all that interaction going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1227.0,1243.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: on the facility works. Oh, it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1244.0,1245.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: wonderful. Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1246.0,1246.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: you're gonna be expanding, though. Is that right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1247.0,1247.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yep, yep, we're in the final stages of planning, essentially doubling the size of the facility. Okay. And that's really to handle polishing, we're going to put in capability to handle two of these 26 foot mirrors simultaneously there and test them. So it's a big facility extension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1248.0,1263.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: because so the mirror that we saw was neat, but it's really not that big in the scheme of things. But this is all going somewhere. And that somewhere, is going to be real, real important for all of Arizona, not to mention the entire world of astronomy, and that's the Columbus telescope, when you bring us up to date on there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1264.0,1276.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yeah, the Columbus telescope really is the centerpiece of why we're doing all this. This is a very big new telescope for Arizona. It's it's the biggest telescope, it's currently being planned in the world. And it'll use two of these eight meter mirrors together. Okay, so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1277.0,1291.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: like a massive binocular, kinda, it's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1292.0,1294.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: it's a binocular, and we use that both simply to generate more light. And also, by playing the two mirrors together, you can get the sharpest possible images.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1295.0,1303.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And if I understand correctly, this is gonna be one of the mirrors that will be placed on mountain gram if those telescopes are indeed built. So right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1304.0,1310.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: yeah, in fact, the Columbus telescope with two of these mirrors is the centerpiece of what we'll put on nongrantor will be the world's biggest telescope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1311.0,1318.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is an enormous project, it was going to cost a lot of money. Yes. About how much?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1319.0,1322.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, the Columbus telescope were estimating $60,000,000.06 0","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1323.0,1327.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: million,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1328.0,1327.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: right? It's divided between four partners, we're in partnership with the University of Chicago, Ohio State, and the Italian community, they and we each have a quarter share in this thing. So Arizona is responsible for raising $50 million dollars as I share the telescope 15 million. Okay. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1328.0,1345.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I guess you're aware as anybody and we've talked about on this program, that University of Arizona is in the middle of its largest ever capital campaign called century two. Yes. Does the Columbus telescope have a stake in century two?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1346.0,1356.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Oh, yes. It's a it's one of the main features of the century two, campaign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1357.0,1361.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, so you're hoping people participate in there, right. And there's something I've been dying to ask you. I mean, like, you've got to be one of the few people in the entire world. The Pope of all the Catholics, pope john paul, came to Arizona to talk to you enough to give him an audience. What was that? Like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1362.0,1381.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That was very, very exciting, right? It's a rare opportunity to see somebody and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1382.0,1385.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: that made me Did he ask intelligent questions? Was he interested or just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1386.0,1388.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: he's actually very knowledgeable because the Vatican astronomy group shares his summer residents. And in fact, I was out there last year, not not when he was there. But I. So there is quite a close connection. And he follows what's going on. And the the chief of the Vatican program was, in fact, a professor at the UVA for a number of years. And he's a he's a great fellow. That's George Klein. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1389.0,1416.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I understand the Vatican is one of your customers. And it's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1417.0,1418.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: it's not really a customer. In a sense. We don't have customers, you know, we're not a company, we have collaborators on various projects. And it's a common thing where different people contribute things into it. And China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1419.0,1429.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And finally, just sort of wrapping up the whole discussion is this. On the one hand seems like fairly, a fairly simple idea yet, in 400 years of astronomy, no one's thought of this. And in the several 100 years, they've been using mirrors. How did this idea come to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1430.0,1446.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I don't think there's any sort of single wonderful idea that's made this possible, in a sense, making big telescopes to the ground is an idea whose time has come right, the need for these things to come. Because the cost of doing things in space. I started in space astronomy, only 20 years ago, when things were inexpensive. Now they're very expensive. Radio Astronomy has gotten progressively difficult. Suddenly, everybody realizes that this is the direction we have to go in. The biggest, you know, advances to be made in astronomy in the near future will be made with these big ground based telescopes. So essentially, we've been we've looked at the best possible method. We know how but there's support now right to do this and to make these kind of big telescopes go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1447.0,1495.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This has been a fascinating program and on behalf of the entire Alumni Association, And the university they want to thank you for taking the time to talk to us and share the information in the tape. It was great having you with us Dr. Roger Angell,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1496.0,1506.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: thank you for having me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1507.0,1507.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yeah. We hope you'll stay with us or not stay with us but Join us again next month. here on Arizona alumni forum. I'm Jay Rocklin. Thanks again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344#t=1508.0,1510.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73593/file/159344/transcript/37788/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/788/original/azu_ms646-031_a.vtt?1652822129","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/788/original/azu_ms646-031_a.vtt?1652822129"}]}]}]}