{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/513tt4gr1k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Tucson Today with Mort Beach - On Beliefs Concerning Evil"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright The Arizona Board of Regents.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Papers of Byrd Howell Granger, MS 340"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Mort Beach (interviewer)","Byrd Howell Granger (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1976 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona","20th Century"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Byrd Granger shows and describes talismans to ward off evil and bad luck. Artifacts come from Indigenous cultures in the Arizona-Sonora region and cultures worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS340.016 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Papers of Byrd Howell Granger (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Folklore -- Arizona","Folklorists -- Arizona -- Tucson -- Archives","Indians of North America -- Folklore"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["interview"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Byrd Granger shows and describes talismans to ward off evil and bad luck. Artifacts come from Indigenous cultures in the Arizona-Sonora region and cultures worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright The Arizona Board of Regents.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/195/597/small/azu_ms340-016_a.mp4_1688597667.jpg?1688597668","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms340-016_a.mp4"]},"duration":1740.661,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/195/597/small/azu_ms340-016_a.mp4_1688597667.jpg?1688597668","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/195/597/original/azu_ms340-016_a.mp4?1688597665","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1740.661,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Tucson Today - On Beliefs Concerning Evil with Byrd Granger transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 1: This is Tucson today, a kolsey television Public Affairs presentation this morning the University of Arizona is highlighted, and here's your host, Mark Beach,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=16.0,32.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: good morning, everyone. Our guest this morning is certainly no stranger to this program. Dr Byrd Granger was with us not long ago for a discussion of lost mines and buried treasures in our state of Arizona. Dr Granger, whose lectures are in demand all over this country and in Europe, is a professor of folklore and literature at the University of Arizona. She's also an internationally recognized authority on folklore and witchcraft, and is the founder and director of the U of A's folklore Information Center. She's served as president of the American name society, and is the author of Arizona place names, which is now serving as a model for place name studies all over this country. So many people are fascinated by the subject of beliefs and how people all over the world protect themselves, but Dr Granger has consented to explore this topic more thoroughly with us this morning. Dr Granger, it's a pleasure to have you back with us on the show. Thank you. Marge, first question, and I think it's a good one to lean into our discussion this morning. Why do people the world over feel that they have to protect themselves?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=33.0,97.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: Well, I suppose it's because they are subject to luck, and people speak about good luck and bad luck, but if you go into it deeper than that, sometimes it's catastrophic, and this leads to a discussion of good and evil. And if evil is in the world, nature of evil, man wants to protect himself against it, because you never know what's going to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=98.0,117.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: That's right. And if you have a backup of some kind, you feel a little more secure. That's right, knocking on wood, that kind of thing, or a security blanket or something. What about this evil eye business that we hear so much about now and then? Oh, the evil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=118.0,130.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: eye derives from the fact I have blue eyes, and always makes me a little self conscious the fact that people with blue eyes are in the minority in the world, and if anyone looks at you fixedly. In the majority of cultures, it may be that they're trying to seize part of your spirit. In the United States, we have the custom of looking someone straight in the eye, but if you ever travel widely, you better learn to look this way, look that way, look at a person occasionally, because they may think that you are trying to get their spirit just the way you're looking at me now this minute. And therefore eyes, with Your blue eyes, right? Therefore they do have amulets to attract the attention of the person who is trying to look at them. This is a part of witchcraft too. For instance, I have some here from several cultures. This one is from India. Let","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=131.0,178.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: me see if I can hold this up to the camera here, Dr Granger, so that we can get a shot of that so beautiful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=179.0,183.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: That's from India. And what you see here is a representation, wrong camera, not of an egg, which is some people might think, but actually the sun, the sun and the blue of the sky, which are daylight. And this kind of evil eye amulet will attract the person who's trying to look at you, let's say, and protect you. This is a quite large one. I have others from different parts of the world. For instance, here is one, a tiny one, and this one is from Greece. But you can buy these all over the Near East, and you will see that that has four of those little eyes on it. That's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=184.0,219.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: rather tiny, but we can see the eye in this shot that we have now here. Now that's all part of this evil eye. Yes, it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=220.0,228.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: In Scotland, it's called the glamor E and down here in the southwest, the Ojo malo, the evil eye, you see, and people want to be protected against that idea. Matter of fact, I know a man who works with the Arabs. He is an Arab, and he has blue eyes, and he had to go down into the Yemen territory, where this belief is so strong that he knew he could accomplish nothing. So he had some brown contact lenses made, because otherwise they would have considered that he was a witch and would not have negotiated with him at all. Now I have others here from different parts of the world, for instance, here is one which is from Turkey. Let's end this up here for really an interesting one, because it has on it the dangles at the bottom, which make noise, whether you can pick that up or not. Noise protects you against evil trying to attack you. You know what we say? The devil hates a cheerful spirit, so we have to make a jangling noise, and also it has the red eye. The red, of course, represents perhaps the life blood that we have, so that it protects us. As long as that's coursing in our veins, we're all right. But it also has on it a hand at the bottom right here, and moon and so forth. Now, there are many ways that people protect themselves against this. Here's one. This is an area of the world. Got another hand, another hand. This is from Lebanon, and you notice that it has the eye in the middle of the outstretched palm, considered the hand of God, though they might consider this from the Fatima hand, but the open hand is a sign of friendship, and it acts as protection. This is worn around the neck. Now around the neck, yes, and this is a very strong belief in Lebanon, where people will wear these amulets protect themselves. It doesn't seem to protect some of them, though, judging by what's happening there today, and we have others here which also do this kind of thing for protection against evil. And this is in general evil. Here is one another, one from India. This must","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=229.0,353.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: be a part of this flashing light concept. Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=354.0,355.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: I'm glad you mentioned that the mirrors will attract anyone. They'll want to see themselves, particularly people who are evil. Apparently appear to be vain too, and they will try to look at themselves and every one of those mirrors before they attack the person who is wearing it. And you'll notice that red is predominant here, the color the rising, the setting sun, the red cord for the dangling of this ball, which is from India. And of course, at the base of that, there is a sun symbol. The sun, with its health giving qualities, is considered very good,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=356.0,390.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: very good. That's the sun symbol. I hope I've got it there. There we are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=391.0,394.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: and we speak at the powers of darkness. One of the things I like to emphasize is that black is not evil. It is the powers of darkness that are considered evil. Matter of fact, among American Indians, black is a very fortunate color, a very fortunate color bringing up that matter of bracelets again. Here's an interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=395.0,415.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: thing now, that's, is this the flashing lights all over again. Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=416.0,419.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: this has a number of things that are very good luck. You'd never see this, however, because it's worn beneath the turban in Pakistan and pretty i It's a beautiful thing. Yes, I was very pleased when a friend sent it to me. But on this one, you will see also that there are groups of threes. There are people who believe that something happens twice. It will happen a third time. But three is very lucky. It shows up in many cultures. And the triangle, the equilateral triangle, is also a lucky symbol there. If you combine that, if you make two equilateral triangles side by side, you'll end up with the eye of God symbol. You see, we're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=420.0,461.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: going to be looking at that, incidentally, a little bit later on in the program, on some clothing, I think we have a slide of that. Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=462.0,467.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: we do the eye of God, which I used to think was restricted here to the southwest. You know, my ignorance, sometimes it surprises me how much I still need to learn and well, I'll talk about the Eye of God later on, when we do come to that. This","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=468.0,481.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: is really fascinating that people in other countries across the world have really done so much to protect themselves against the evil spirits that they've created these beautiful objects. Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=482.0,493.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: it is interesting, isn't it? Of course, in this country, you can go into any what used to be a dime store and get a rabbit's foot for good luck. And as for our not having this lore, I don't believe it. Even the astronauts took along lucky tokens with them, and not a bad idea to be on the safe side. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=494.0,511.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: have our share of objects too. I guess it's not strictly unique in other countries. No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=512.0,515.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: it is not. People have an idea that they can do something to help themselves. Now I have here some coral. Coral is considered to be very, very lucky, too. Again, the red color, furthermore, life under the sea, which is a solid form in some countries, coral will be given to a child the day that it is born will be put in amulets around the neck. In Italy, this is still done somewhat, and in other parts of the world too, but the color is significant. Carl is very fortunate. In","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=516.0,549.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: other words, the red is what keeps the evil spirits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=550.0,552.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: that's right, coral pins, little amulets made out of coral, particularly little hands carved out of it, that kind of thing are considered to be very fortunate. It's very beautiful. Yes, it's a lovely thing. Now we have another thing which has the coral color. And again, we have the combination of the white sun symbols and the flashing mirrors. This is from India. I know the women wear those jangling bracelets up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=553.0,579.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: and down the arm, lights flashing right here on our screen. That's a very beautiful piece of jewelry. This is from India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=580.0,588.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: and they wear jangling bracelets again. This is the concept that noise chases away evil, banging on drums, firing off guns, the kind of thing fire. Records of New Year's Eve. This used to be considered to drive away the evil of the old year that was dying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=589.0,604.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: and that's why we make such a big fuss at New Year's Eve. That's, right, that's, that's where it comes with the noise makers and so on. That's exactly it. Well, that's, that's really beautiful. We have so many things here on display. I don't know which one to go to next. Well, you pick out one this time. Well, ask me about All right, let me select something that's rather intriguing, and you can maybe tell me what country it came from and what it's all about. Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=605.0,631.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: this is Germany, and it is a nutcracker. You can operate the handles of that if you wish to see how it works. And it works very well, by the way, this too, in the consumption of food, it must be protected against potential evil. And so on. This copy of an ancient form, there are symbols associated with the sun. Up near where the jaws separate, there is a symbol which looks like the rays of the sun. That's it, uh huh. And below it there is another one. Now, these do represent the sun, and what they show is the fact that there are certain flowers that are considered lucky, the chrysanthemum. The Emperor of Japan has the chrysanthemum as his flower because he is considered a direct descendant of the Sun himself, and so we have a flower that represents the sun. A full blown rose does the same thing when he tell you how deep seated this kind of thing is. When a young man goes into a florist shop to get flowers for his sweetheart, and he's not very practiced this kind of thing, perhaps he can't afford a gorgeous orchid, and the florist will say to him, Well, what would you like to have you rub his chin? Say, Well, I don't know, red roses. I guess he couldn't have picked anything more strongly associated with masculinity than a red roses with their full blown shape represent the good luck of the sun and the red rose or the White Rose. This may help you to understand the War of the Roses in England the royal houses. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=632.0,722.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: see, why is the four leaf clover considered to be such a lucky find? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=723.0,727.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: I have something here which might help explain that this is a copy of an ancient pin from Finland, and the most ancient symbol we have is the swastika, which has the sun circular at the center, and then lines coming out from it to represent the four directions. Then if you put lines at right angles to those to represent the apparent whirling motion of the sun across the sky, or perhaps wind direction, you end up with a swastika. The swastika symbol being very ancient is considered to be extraordinarily lucky. And this one is a club footed swastika. They have sort of what looks like a bar coming out from it with a balloon at the end of it. And these were worn on clothing. Jewelry was not for adornment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=728.0,774.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: This is a copy of a swastika, copy you said that some are very rare. Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=775.0,777.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: yes. You know, Hitler knew exactly what he was doing using the swastika. He wanted to demonstrate that the Aryan quotations, Aryan people were very ancient, so he deliberately picked the swastika and misused it so that today in Romania, every swastika has been eliminated from all of their artifacts. They will have nothing to do with it. That's unfortunate. It is unfortunate because it belongs to the whole world. You find the swastika in Navajo design. Very ancient. Navajo design","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=778.0,810.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: comes to many countries then, including our own. Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=811.0,813.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: there are theories that we have a universal unconscious. This is Jung's theory, and under certain conditions, we will react in exactly the same way. And certainly judging by art symbols, this is true. I had friends who served in Vietnam would be very excited and send me photographs, snapshots of houses that they had taken, pictures of their huts, really, they had the same symbols on them that you find on Pennsylvania Dutch barns. So it's an international symbol, really? Yes, there are such things as universals. Of course, some societies may not have these. And when I speak of universals, I have to qualify it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=814.0,852.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: Do all societies, in some form or another, believe in protection for themselves? Do you think? Dr Granger, I've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=853.0,858.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: never found one that didn't true. They were all subject to chance, and we do try to protect ourselves against it. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=859.0,866.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: brought some absolutely beautiful slides with you this morning, and I think we might start looking at those and talking about them, because the first one is of a beautiful strand of beads, and actually, jewelry probably goes back to early, very earliest times. Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=867.0,884.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: it does. Now these, these should not really be on a string, by the way I put pens or keys in to show the relative size. These come from Japan and the women who wear the traditional form of hairdresser. Over there will tuck these beads into their hair to protect themselves and just miscellaneously, not in particular parts of the hair. And notice the colors of these too. By the way, they are for protection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=885.0,911.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: They are ward off evil spirits. Yes, that's right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=912.0,914.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: and there are plenty of them flying around in these various cultures. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=915.0,919.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: guess that jewelry is probably one of the most common forms of protection against evil spirits. Then, Dr Granger,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=920.0,927.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: yes, it is. If you investigate early jewelry from the Bronze Age, you will discover that it has the sun symbols on it and the triangles and little pieces of metal that will Clank and then bang together as the as the people wore them for protection. Of course, we couldn't interview someone from the Bronze Age, but this is what the archeologists have come to believe. Along with the Loris, along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=928.0,950.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: with protecting the individual, the home was probably another object of protection too. And we have some slides of some of the methods used there. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=951.0,959.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: Now this is in Sweden, and it is a very ancient building, but the at the top of the roof here at the apex, you have crossed bars. Actually those represent horses heads strongly modified, and the horse was what was considered to pull the sky deities chariot across the sky. So you put that on your house for protection. This is some of them actually have the form of horses. Some of them have the form of what am I trying to say? Not the hens. What's the cock? Because you see, he's the sky deities messenger. He crows in the morning to announce that the sky is coming up. Sometimes these little objects at the top of the roof are carved like cocks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=960.0,1004.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: Our next slide is a slide that really dates back quite a few years. And that's yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1005.0,1010.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: this is very interesting. These are medieval horseshoes. The size of them is astonishing to us, but then when you consider the size horses that those gentlemen had to ride when they were in their armor. It took a large horse, and consequently, a very huge shoe at the horseshoe is considered very good luck. These go back to pre Elizabethan times, and they're in a castle in Germany where I saw them up against the wall. The smaller one is for, of course, the young, younger horse, the horseshoe is lucky, we believe, because, as the sky deity went across the sky in his chariot with his galloping white horses, never black, white horses, they would sometimes cast a shoe. And to this day, if people find a horseshoe, they're likely to put it up on a building. We do that in this country without realizing why. We just think it's a nice thing to do. It might be good luck. It's been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1011.0,1063.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: handed down, I guess, from generation to generation. How large would that horseshoe be? Do you think? And how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1064.0,1069.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: large would that horseshoe be? I imagine weigh close to 10 pounds. Huge. Yes. Now here's an interesting thing. Mort, do you know what that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1070.0,1077.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: is? I wouldn't have the faintest idea. Dr Granger, that's called a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1078.0,1081.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: corn Dolly. It doesn't look the least bit like a doll. Does it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1082.0,1087.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Term for what is this to protect? These","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1088.0,1089.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: are put up in the houses. You know, when the farmers would bring in their harvest, they used to work from the outside of the field in and the reason for that was that things have been attacking your crops all year long, and so you wanted to trap that evil and protect your next year's crops. So as you got in toward the center of the field, you would end up with a very small area which had the last sheaf. And you would take that last sheaf, sometimes they made it into a human figure, and they would take it into the village with great rejoicing, because they had trapped the imps of evil. And then they would create things like this, cutting out little pieces of straw, and hang these with the wheat on it, up in the houses for protection during the year. During the ensuing winter, you see, if you have some evil in your house, the other forces of evil may think that they don't stand a chance. They've got somebody already on their job, right? And so then in the springtime, when they were going to plant new crops, they would burn this object to get rid of the evil and perhaps protect the new fields. So it was designed to protect fields, that's right, and to protect the homes. And there are many different shapes for these things, many different shapes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1090.0,1165.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: Well, let's move on to China for our next slide, and a very beautiful Chinese dog. It looks like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1166.0,1170.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: that's what it is. This is sometimes referred to as a Chinese Lion. Actually, it's sometimes called the lion dog too. At these notice the sun symbols around the base were put in the houses, and as far as I know, who knows what's going on there. Now these still may be used. They're kept in the bedrooms to protect the people who sleep there. And if anyone dies in that room, then the dog will be put with its face to the wall in a corner, and after the person's remains. Have been disposed of. The dog will be banished to be put outside and never brought in the house again because it hadn't done its job. So here again, it's for protection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1171.0,1207.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: Well, I don't know, does it work? Well, I've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1208.0,1211.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: never been a Chinaman, so I can't tell you. I'm still alive, so I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1212.0,1215.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: Well, it's a very beautiful object, though we're into another area of protection, and this one is in regards to travel protection. You know, many people, when they travel, put a st Christopher's metal or object on the dash of their car. Yes, this has to do with travel protection also, could you tell us what it is? Dr green,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1216.0,1235.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: yes, I'd be very glad to. Mort, yes. People still use the St Christopher medals, even though the Catholic Church has said the St Christopher is not a saint, they will still do it, or they'll put little figures of saints on the dashboard. This goes back. This is Denmark. Travel has always been hazardous, and therefore when this gentleman built his buggy for his family, he had notice your threes, again, symbols of the Sun placed in the rear of the wagon. The date on this, I believe it's around 1850 I've forgotten, which is not too very long ago. And I hope that it worked for him. It must have that looks to be in very good condition. Just going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1236.0,1275.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: to say the buggy looks still to be in very, very good shape. What do people in the desert countries do to protect themselves against,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1276.0,1285.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: oh, this is an interesting evil spirits. This one is from Egypt, and it's also a protection for the animal. You notice on this camel's leg that we have a band tied around above the knee, and that is for protection. Also, they will put bells on animals. Jingle bells at Christmas time. This was for protection too. You see, not just for the cheerful sound of it, but this animal with that tied above his knee would be presumed to be able to travel quite safely in the caravan, and he would probably have the camel bells on. Those are for luck","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1286.0,1318.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: too. Did horses at any time ever have any contractions of this type on them? Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1319.0,1323.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: they still do. Yes. The brasses that people are collecting today were placed on a strap down the chest or across the neck. Those were for protection of the animal. If your animals died, you were in serious trouble. They did the heavy labor for you. You simply had to protect them. Beads, heart shaped symbols, the moon, particularly in threes, the lion, Sun symbols, all kinds of symbols were used in these horse brasses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1324.0,1352.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: They weren't taking any chances. They were using everything at their disposal. Indeed, they were including bells. This next slide is the most interesting one. Maybe you could explain it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1353.0,1362.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: Yes, that's from Sweden. And the first thing I want to mention is the horns above the entrance to this barn. Those are ram's horns in Northern Europe. They did not have the horse, and therefore their sky deity had his chariot pulled the sun chariot pulled by the strongest beast they knew, a ram, and therefore ram's horns, like the horseshoe, were considered to be lucky. So you would place them over your barn in this way to protect the animals inside. But then there's something else about this slide. You notice that step? I wonder if the farmer ever stumbled over it. This is to keep witches out, as well as other evil worked by man, because the forces of evil don't waste any time. They travel in a direct line, and a witch would not be capable of stepping over this. Would have to go straight through the door. Couldn't even fly over it on a broomstick. No, not inside. That's exterior action. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1363.0,1419.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: I'll have to remember that all you have to do is create a step that the witches or evil spirits can't get over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1420.0,1425.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: I've seen this in Romania and elsewhere too. It's quite wide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1426.0,1428.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: So is this widespread in Europe? Basically? Dr Granger, yes, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1429.0,1432.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: don't know whether this exists outside of Europe or not. I've seen it in the Near East too, but not as much there, running more into nomads in that part of the world?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1433.0,1443.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: Well, that's an outstanding selection of slides, and you have so many, many more that we didn't have a opportunity to get to this morning. Maybe the next time we entice you back to the program, we can take a look at some of those others. Do you ever find instances of these objects being scorned by people in different countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1444.0,1461.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: Yes, there are people who consider this just so much nonsense because it's not part of their cultural heritage. There's one word I don't use that superstition because I may not believe in a certain thing, but if other people, if it is their belief, then it must be treated with respect. And the word superstition has a kind of down the nose connotation, so I avoid it. I don't wish to offend people. May not be my belief, but if it's theirs and it's not harmful, then all right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1462.0,1492.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: there are several objects on our table here that we haven't gotten to, and I certainly hope that with time running. Not on us that we can get to then Lou can get a shot of this next object here, I'll ask you to describe it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1493.0,1504.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: for us. Dr green, that's from Brazil. And your hat, you have it upside down. Pardon me again. Pardon me. Brazilian. Protective hand with what we call the fig gesture, the thumb between the fingers. This is for protection against the devil also has sexual connotations, but that's not part of this program. Some other time, perhaps these are hung in the houses in Brazil for protection of the home and the people in it as one other. I hope we'll have time for more, because this one Baron here part of our own culture, and that's a little yellow cup. Oh, this one right here, that's right, that's White River Apache, and that is used on the cradle boards, and it's hung in the house for protection of the people, and if you'll tilt it so they can see the inside of it. But this is acculturation. People do learn to adapt themselves. These are made on whiskey bottle caps today. Just the right size, just the right size for beautiful craftsmanship. Yes, and a very strong belief that these do protect. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1505.0,1564.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: know, there was one other little fascinating object over here that we didn't get to, and that's the one with the two hollow eyes. That's very small. I hope Lou can get a shot of that there. As far as a looking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1565.0,1578.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: object, isn't it strange, as far as I've been able to find out, stones with holes in them have always been considered extraordinarily lucky objects, and if anyone in our audience finds such a stone, it wouldn't hurt to just keep it, if a souvenir, and it just might help. Can't tell, but stones with holes are very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1579.0,1598.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: important. Yes, I'll have to head up to the desert area behind my home and and look for lucky stones. Did we get this one on? I don't believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1599.0,1606.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: No, we didn't clone more must be protected. One more object here. We didn't get to the evil eye. But these are buttons, handmade buttons from India. You put those on your clothing, and you will be protected in Japan, where you don't see pins and so forth. It is concealed by the clothing, but they have them too. They have a little locust, which they put on the belt that goes around the waist that is considered lucky. And this is a sun symbol, again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1607.0,1633.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: talking about clothing. We still have a couple of slides, if we have time to get to them, and maybe we can hurry through those. We have one minute left, and that won't give us much time. But if there's a slide of what Peacock, this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1634.0,1646.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: is a peacock. And it's from a man's shirt made in India, again, with the flashing eyes. And the peacock is considered the sky deities bird, very masculine bird, and it is for the protection of the person wearing the clothing. And this is from Africa, a little country called Lesotho down near the south end of Africa. These women wearing traditional clothing have sun symbols all over them. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1647.0,1671.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: again, notice the color. One more symbol, and it's the one we mentioned earlier, the eye of God's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1672.0,1675.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 3: eye. Yes, indeed. And this is a Southeastern European dress that people wear, and notice that she has the coins around her neck these jangle and also it's a dowry for her. What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1676.0,1689.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 2: happened to our half hour? I knew this would happen. Our time is up. Dr Granger, it's been a very interesting 30 minutes, as it always is. Thank you so much for joining us. It's a pleasure. My guest this morning, University of Arizona, Professor of folklore and literature, Dr bird Granger, I'm Mort beach. Have a good week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1690.0,1711.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER 1: This has been Tucson today. This morning a visit with the University of Arizona. The preceding program was recorded earlier for presentation at this time you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597#t=1712.0,1714.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2323/collection_resources/98275/file/195597/transcript/79224/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/079/224/original/azu_ms340-016_a.vtt?1746555988","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/079/224/original/azu_ms340-016_a.vtt?1746555988"}]}]}]}