{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4q7qn60442/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ground Water Protection"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona Alumni Forum videocassettes, MS 646, box 4, tape 5"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Watson, Jack (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["11/26/89"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Guest – Dr. Jack Watson."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS646.048 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona Alumni Forum videocassettes (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Guest – Dr. Jack Watson."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/159/906/small/azu_ms646-048_a.mp4_1652900197.jpg?1652900198","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms646-048_a.mp4"]},"duration":1681.247,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/159/906/small/azu_ms646-048_a.mp4_1652900197.jpg?1652900198","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/906/original/azu_ms646-048_a.mp4?1652900189","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1681.247,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms646-048 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Hi and welcome to Arizona alumni forum. I'm Kent Rollins, director of the Arizona Alumni Association. Historically in Arizona, one of the major issues has been water. Is there enough of it? Can we keep it safe? Who owns it? Who controls it? Today we're going to explore the issue because it's so important to the state it really means life or death. Our water expert today is Dr. JACK Watson, who works out of the USDA Agricultural Experiment farm in Maricopa Arizona. And, jack, we really appreciate your driving down to be with us today and glad to be here. Before we really have a chance to talk to you about the water issues, understand you've brought a videotape with you. Maybe you'd explain that to our viewers. We'll watch the tape and then we'll come back and ask you some questions about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=45.0,90.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: here. Well, essentially, what the tape does is, is highlight some of those issues associated with water use and water management. Things that you mentioned things like the quality of water, are we conserving our water enough? Or do we need to work at that a little more closely? Who owns the water? Who has the right to the water? Should they have the right to the water those kinds of questions. And so the tape attempts to address those questions in a in a way that we can each understand and and begin to think about a little more carefully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=91.0,119.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Now if you put the tape together or someone done this for you or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=120.0,122.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: we worked with the university Arizona Agricultural Sciences Communication Department.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=123.0,126.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay. Well, if you stay with us, we'll take a break and then we'll come back with our water tape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=127.0,139.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Hello, I'm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=140.0,140.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Dr. JACK Watson, extension water quality specialist with the University of Arizona. The concerns facing the world today in the area of water management are important to all of us. These concerns focus on both water quantity and water quality. solving these water management problems requires a partnership, a partnership of lawmakers, technical experts and local citizens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=141.0,166.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That partnership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=167.0,167.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: and the responsibilities that go with it. That's what this program is all about. Let's take a look at what some of the water problems are that affect us and what we can do to help manage this precious natural resource.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=168.0,184.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Precipitation is the source of essentially all freshwater, it's the single most important factor controlling how much and when surface water is available. In the United States, precipitation averages about 30 inches per year, yet ranges from as little as a few tenths of an inch in some desert areas of the southwest to about 400 inches at some locations in Hawaii. For the country, many us United States, the total annual renewable supply of water is about one and a third billion gallons per day, only about 8% of that is actually consumed. The distribution of water is very uneven across the country. In New England, less than 1% of the annual renewable water supply is consumed. By contrast, nearly the entire annual renewable supply of the Colorado River Basin is consumed. surface water reservoirs are used to provide reliable water supplies, and to help smooth the seasonal or annual variations in stream flow. In the United States, there are 2654 reservoirs and controlled natural lakes with capacities over 5000 acre feet each. These provide about 480 million acre feet of storage total. That's enough to give every man woman and child in the country an acre of land covered with water two feet deep. Yet our real storage capacity is dominated by large reservoirs. The 574 largest reservoirs account for almost nine tenths of our total storage capacity. Additionally, there are about 50,000 smaller reservoirs with capacities ranging from 50 to 5000 acre feet plus about 2 million smaller farm Park These reservoirs do more than merely store water. They help reduce the severity floods and provide water for rivers during periods of low flow. Despite this sizeable storage capacity for surface water, it's not enough to meet our needs. Thus, groundwater or resource stored within the earth has become increasingly important as a water supply in many parts of the country. Take Tucson, Arizona, for example, this city of half a million residents is entirely dependent upon groundwater, until water from the Central Arizona Project makes surface water available from the Colorado River. Nationwide, groundwater is now the source of drinking water for over half our population. And in rural communities, it provides 97% of the drinking water. on farms, groundwater provides 40% of the resources needed for irrigation. And as for industry, about 1/4 of the water used is from beneath the earth, groundwater. Groundwater is the water found in cracks of bedrock, and in spaces between soil particles and rocks. It generally does not occur in the form of underground lakes and streams. Some of the water that arrives at the soil surface as precipitation moves downward through the soil. Eventually, this percolating water reaches a zone of saturation, where all available cracks and spaces in the soil or rock are filled with water. The top of the saturated zone is called the water table. Major reservoirs of groundwater are called aquifers, as shown in this model, and aquifers is an underground layer of rock or unconsolidated deposits of gravel, sand, silt or clay, which are sufficiently permeable to contain and transmit groundwater.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=185.0,413.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We will be able to see the movement of dyes for example, across this groundwater flow model. As we move from water at a high level to water at a low level, this will be an inlet end, this will be an outlet and one thing you might want to notice is that in this area of the aquifer, the dye is moving almost horizontally, indicating the flow of water is, is horizontal, directly across the aquifer material. As we move to this area of the groundwater flow model, we have a change in the elevation of the aquifer. We have a depression here and impeding area and we see that the dye moves below this area and moves downwards. So we're no longer the water is no longer moving in exactly the same manner in this area of the groundwater flow model as it was in this area to groundwater flow model. So we can see that even though the aquifer material on the two portions of the aquifer is very much the same. The flow of water in this portion of the offer is quite different than the flow of water in this other portion of the aquifer is primarily due to the geometry of the system. Now let's take a look with what might happen if we put a well in this aquifer and begin to extract water from that well. This represents a well it's a fairly shallow Well, it's not very deep into the aquifer material. And we can observe what happens to the flow of the groundwater. As we extract water from this well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=414.0,518.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We'll continue an extraction the extraction of water a little bit further. And it should be come fairly obvious now that water is now no longer moving only horizontally in the aquifer. But it's moving. What we would ignore originally if considered up gradient we're moving water back into this well, for from the upward side is this area as well as from the downward side. So what we have done is we've changed the direction of the flow of the water as a result of this pumping action that occurs in everyday life. As we pump water from a well we do change and we do impact the flow of water through the aquifer material.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=519.0,559.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: conserving our water supplies, whether on the surface or underground is another major water issue facing all Americans, even in areas once thought to have abundant water. When the amount of water taken out of the ground exceeds the amount of water being returned. The result is called an overdraft. The result is essentially the same as what happened to a checking account when more money is being withdrawn than is being deposited. Eventually, the supply whether it's money or water will be exhausted. Take Long Island New York for example, an area that gets plenty of rainfall since the 1930s water over draft has caused a drop in the water table of some 20 feet in a major Queens County aquifer. In the desert southwest. Groundwater overdraft is even more acute. In the central part of Arizona. The water table has declined more than 200 feet since 1945. This massive overdraft has left 1000s of acres of formerly productive farmland barren as a whole water overdraft in the western US has led to legislative attempts to force conservation. In Arizona for example, a law passed in 1980 establishes for active management areas. This law requires a 45 year water conservation and management program within these areas. its ultimate goal is to eliminate the overdraft or balance the amount of water taken out of the ground with the amount put back in by the year 2025. But this conservation strategy is having its problems. in Tucson for example, the average per person use of water climbed from 160 gallons per day in 1980 to 164 gallons per day in 1987. This despite massive educational efforts by water conservation advocates. conservation is showing promise However, in Arizona's largest city, per person daily use in Phoenix dropped from 267 gallons in 1980 to less than 250 gallons per person in 1987. Another big success in water conservation has been in agriculture. Laser leveling of farmland alone has consumed enough water over the last decade in Arizona to supply the half million residents of the entire city of Tucson and other conservation techniques are being applied throughout the state's agriculture. Drip irrigation for example, the use of newer irrigation scheduling techniques. barns Space Age technologies such as infrared thermography, and other university developed approaches are all helping farmers reduce their overall use of water, while in many cases increasing yields. industry continues to increase its use of groundwater, particularly in urban areas of Arizona. This has made it difficult for those areas to meet their conservation requirements. In 1975, less than 9% of the groundwater withdrawn was used for public plus industrial supply. By 1983. That figure had climbed to 12% a 100 acre golf course part of Arizona's booming recreational industry uses enough water to support between 2002 1500 people. But with help from University of Arizona researchers, a number of golf courses are now making successful use of treated sewage effluent instead of precious groundwater. As the supply of groundwater goes down, its value as a resource goes up. And as a result, water transactions are becoming more common. These transactions involve either an exchange of one type of water for another such as using treated effluent instead of groundwater for irrigation, or a change in location of the water. This latter transaction is often referred to as water transfer, and increasingly controversial topic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=560.0,810.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Rusty Jordan is a farmer in western Arizona. He's also head of a group called citizens for water fairness, which is concerned with water transfers from rural to urban areas. We're a group of citizens that started in La Paz county that have members statewide, and we're just attempting to educate people as to what's been what is going on with water being taken from one area and other what it does to the future of the state and then hopefully encourage them to be active citizens and and have a dream for themselves and a dream for for the state and try to get something done about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=811.0,845.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We have the water Phoenix wants it. Phoenix wants to continue to grow their own Shetty studies show that by the year 2025. There'll be between five and a half and six and a half million residents in the valley. But when you look at that in the kind of growth they have already, and if you triple that you're going to have even worse smog problems. And you do now worse congestion problems. And you have to ask yourself, would you want to live in Phoenix if there were five and a half million more people than it has right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=846.0,873.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: It's very much a quality of life issue. I always like to say, how can you enjoy playing golf in the Phoenix area if you're going to have to wear a gas mask. And yet you can go into Western Arizona, and we have beautiful air quality and we don't want we don't want a lot of pollution in western Arizona or in the rural areas. But we want good, steady, clean industry to provide jobs and we believe that The state would be better served if the population is spread throughout the state, instead of concentrated right in Phoenix and in Tucson. And if we allow unlimited water transfers, that's what's going to continue to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=874.0,914.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Another issue of concern today is contamination and protecting our groundwater supplies from contamination can render a water supply useless until it has been cleaned up. As a result, contamination can induce a shortage of water. One recent example is the massive oil spill near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which left 1000s of residents in the area short of water for several days. During the 1970s efforts to clean up polluted lakes and streams made positive progress. But now, more attention is being focused on our hidden water resource underground and hidden contamination sources such as agricultural chemicals, urban runoff, mining, leaky landfills, septic tanks, industrial spills, leaking underground petroleum storage tanks, and the like. The groundwater model is useful in helping understand how landfill, for example, may contaminate subsurface water supplies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=915.0,976.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What this part of the model may represent in our case, as an example is a landfill that leaks and is also has water coming into it. This may occur for landfills beside a river or something a stream or lake and it's become inundated with water. What I'm going to do now is place some red dye into this landfill area and see what occurs as a result of water movement from the landfill that might be leaking as we withdraw water from our well, so we'll begin extracting water from a well just as if we were pumping water for drinking water purposes. For example, one of the insidious things about contamination from an unseen source like a leaking landfill, is that we can see this very slowly moving the contamination is withdrawal of waters very slowly moving the contamination to the well. But it's something that we don't see happening right away. It's a very slow process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=977.0,1036.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: It's easy to see how sewage effluent if not properly treated, can contaminate surface water, but it's not as easy to see or to understand how that same contamination source impacts groundwater. While test may easily show the degree of surface contamination, groundwater contamination is much more difficult to measure before major damage is done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1037.0,1064.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: It's extremely important that we don't take water for granted. Every time we water a lawn, take a shower, or just enjoy a cool drink. We're impacting this natural resource. We're also affecting the quantity and the quality of water available to our children, their children and for generations to come. There are many issues associated with water resources, effectively dealing with those issues requires active citizen participation. For more information about local water issues, contact the Cooperative Extension office in your county, or right to the University of Arizona Cooperative Extension. Tucson, Arizona.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1065.0,1131.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1132.0,1137.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome back to Arizona alumni forum. I'm Kent Rollins. Today we're dealing with the issue of water which is very important to the state of Arizona. We have you have a water expert, Dr. JACK Watson with us, jack, we've seen a very interesting tape but it really brings up some other questions and in the short time we have left. One of the big issues here in Tucson, of course is contaminated wells. Let's talk a little bit about contamination what what are the things that are really contaminating our water supply or some of our wells in the city of Tucson or in actually central and southern Arizona?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1138.0,1171.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, when you ask that question, you presume that the answer is known can sometimes it's not known. As I understand there have been some instances of of TCP contamination obviously the airport situation from early wash downs years ago, and also possibility of some recent discoveries. Sometimes you need to be careful about those sometimes those are laboratory problems and Miss determination of what the chemical is. Anytime. It's you Have a high use of land area, you're going to produce waste products and whatever those are, whether industrial waste products, or agricultural waste products or urban area waste products, those eventually have to be dealt with. And if we don't deal with them properly, they can end up in the groundwater.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1172.0,1214.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: How do we deal with them? How do the citizens you know, other than worry about it? What do we have to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1215.0,1222.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think in terms of landscape areas, golf courses, backyards, we need to be careful about the types of chemicals that we use, we need to be careful in terms of how we time our irrigation. In terms of wastewater treatment facilities, we need to make sure that those are maintained state of the art facilities, that there's monitoring going on downstream of those facilities to make sure that we're not returning contaminated water into the groundwater or the streams.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1223.0,1247.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What once the aquifer is polluted? Will it always be polluted?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1248.0,1254.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: If you don't clean it up, depending upon your definition of pollution, of course, if you can find something there that you don't want to be there, and we call that the definition of pollution, then the aquifer will always be polluted until enough movement of water in the underground aquifer dilutes it, so we can't find it anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1255.0,1271.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: One of the comments in the tape was that you compared it to a checking account to our aquifer. Is it really possible that we could dry up we'd have no water?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1272.0,1282.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: not totally. But the ability to extract that water may become so difficult to extract that water that becomes expensive, and we essentially can't pay for it based on the economy we would have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1283.0,1293.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, jack, we're gonna take a break and we'll come back and finish up just a minute. Please stay with us. Welcome back to Arizona alumni forum. I'm Kent Rollins. My special guest today is Dr. JACK Watson, a water expert from the USDA experimental agriculture farm in Maricopa, Arizona. Hey, jack, we're talking a little bit about contamination. But let's talk in terms of use of water. Some people would have you believe that it's time to maybe stop farming cotton and alfalfa in the desert, and that maybe agriculture uses a disproportionate amount of the water. Is that true or not true?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1294.0,1346.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I suppose that depends upon who you are and what your perspective is can't. One of the difficulties with the idea of saying no more agriculture is something similar that we see in the water transfer issue. And that is that agriculture provides a major tax base for the rural communities. And if we essentially eliminate a agriculture throughout the state on a statewide basis, maybe the impact would be only minimal. But in the rural communities, it would have a major impact just because the removal of the tax base, so we would have really cut off the opportunity for those communities develop economically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1347.0,1380.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Does your job in the research area? Is it affected at all by the politics of the rural Arizona versus the city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1381.0,1389.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I experience a lot of refreshers about the types of questions I attempt to answer research wise as well as the type of information I I provide, because of the politics, the situation. But being at university is kind of nice to you. There's a sense in which you can ignore that, you know, claim academic freedom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1390.0,1405.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What about things like golf courses, the video talked about some conservation on golf courses. But I think Arizona is purported to have more golf courses for our size than any state. That seems to be a disproportionate use as well, even though again, the economy is positively affected by golf courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1406.0,1426.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think it's fair to ask the question is that a proper use of water? remembering, though, of course, that that they give us an opportunity to recycle our effluent so that we're doing something positive with our wastewater from the urban areas, rather than just dumping it back into the groundwater. So we need to be careful and in developing values that are very simplistic without looking at all the all the possibilities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1427.0,1452.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What about the caap? You know, that's that's big news in this state? Is that really going to solve our problems?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1453.0,1458.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Now it won't solve a problem, it will. It'll help us deal with our problems bias a little time, in terms of statewide growth. It'll create new challenges as well in terms of the quality of the gap and what we do with it, if it's an excess and probably start some battles with California as well. I don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1459.0,1473.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: if if caap water doesn't forestall it forever. What else are we going to do? You can only conserve so much you can only get so much from the CHP","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1474.0,1483.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think probably one of the things that will will occur is that growth will naturally overtake agricultural lands, particularly in Maricopa County, so that some of the excess withdrawals of groundwater we see for agriculture will go towards urban uses. And therefore maybe we'll reduce our consumption on a per acre basis or geographic area basis somewhat. Beyond that, I think we'll probably look at going deeper to get the groundwater that we use. Do you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1484.0,1512.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: think it'll ever shut down the growth of the state? And maybe make it go the other way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1513.0,1517.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think that's a long ways down the road, if it does happen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1518.0,1519.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: will be longer and longer. How about around the home? What are the things that we can do as citizens? You know, we, we take shorter showers and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1520.0,1527.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: sure, right, one of the biggest impacts that citizens can have is is in terms of the type of landscapes they have and what they do with the water that they have for those landscapes. You know, I know that our water use in the summer, it really skyrockets just because we like to keep a little patch of green in the back. So the biggest conservation impact we can have is in landscape use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1528.0,1547.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, jack, we really appreciate your driving down to be with us today. And we hope you certainly make some progress in this area. I think it's something that affects the entire state. So we appreciate you being with us. And please join us again next month. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906#t=1548.0,1550.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1078/collection_resources/73610/file/159906/transcript/37805/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/805/original/azu_ms646-048_a.vtt?1652900246","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/805/original/azu_ms646-048_a.vtt?1652900246"}]}]}]}