{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/3r0pr7nk72/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dr. Paul Martin Wild Burro Controversy in the Grand Canyon"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona, box 2, reel 11"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Beach, Mort (interviewer)","Martin, Paul S. (Paul Schultz), 1928-2010 (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["12/9/1977"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Program topics - Dr. Paul Martin, University of Arizona Geoscientist, discusses the wild burro controversy in the Grand Canypn."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio tape"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS641.055 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Program topics - Dr. Paul Martin, University of Arizona Geoscientist, discusses the wild burro controversy in the Grand Canypn."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms641-055_side1_a.mp3"]},"duration":372.1436,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/847/original/azu_ms641-055_side1_a.mp3?1652742046","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":372.1436,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["641-055 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mark beech. For millions of years plant communities in what is now Grand Canyon National Park have fed large mammals and still flourished. However, there has been some recent controversy over whether the wild burros found today in the park area are destroying the Grand Canyon ecology. Dr. Paul Martin is a professor of geosciences at the University of Arizona, and a paleo ecologist. Dr. Martin, what do you feel as the environmental impact of the wild burros on the Grand Canyon area?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=5.0,37.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, more, that's just exactly one of the things that I'd like to know more about. burrows have been in there for four decades, probably since before the turn of the century. And that is before the park was established as a national park. The borough's have been escaped from mining camps and from the introduction by by miners particularly. And they're they've been living in, in not throughout the park, but just in parts of it in in the very way that large wild mammals would live in Africa and a remote desert area. And I'd really like to know more about about what they're doing and what they're eating and what their impact is. There's some interesting studies have just recently begun on that. What you initially said is what I'm what I'm hoping to look at with regard to what burros are doing now, and that is that, that large animals of many different kinds, including extinct kinds of horses and burros sized horses, once lived in western America, and lived here for millions of years. The plants that we have in the desert now, as I see it, are not sitting ducks to be destroyed easily by some introduced large animal. To the contrary, they're well adapted with with thorns, and with oily foliage. And with their distribution, sometimes hiding in the rocks, it seems in the way plants distribute themselves to avoid, evade and resist being eaten by large animals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=38.0,129.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, then you must apparently feel that the boroughs are worthy of further study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=130.0,133.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: than Dr. Martin at the very least I be very unhappy to see them suddenly removed completely from from the National Park, even though I recognize as I think anyone must who looks into the the nature of Nash national parks that they're truly intended primarily for, for the native animals and plants. The paradox is that the burrow is is really in the lineage, or in the heritage of a group of large animals that once were native in this area, and simply were not here when, when the historic in the historic period since Columbus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=134.0,172.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: do some plants actually rely on these large mammals for life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=173.0,178.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: It certainly looks that way. This is easier to see, of course, in Africa, where you have large, large animals and desert plants coat coexisting, and we see elephants consuming pods of acacias and spreading the acacias in that way, other large animals, eating the fruits and seeds of desert plants and spreading them around. It turns out in in Arizona, where of course mesquite has been a problem to ranchers that that cattle are involved in the spread of the mesquite. mesquite is truly native and cattle are not. And what happens to mesquite in the absence of large animals in this area? Will it really spread the way that it would under natural conditions in Grand Canyon National Park where we're boroughs are among the animals that eat mesquite, we're getting the natural condition maintained in that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=179.0,230.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Do you feel then that the borough's actually helped the environment of the canyon in some instances, apparently, from what you've said, That's seems to be the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=231.0,239.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I'm in favor of protecting all habitats, and I'm certainly strongly in favor of a wild lands and the wild landscape is such a valuable part of what we have in the West. What we don't easily understand about it is is the value in the landscape of large animals because we simply didn't have many in the historic period we have some deer, some mountain sheep and some antelope. We didn't we never knew the the giant mammals that were here for millions of years earlier. The the mammoths, the ground slots, the camels and the extinct horses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=240.0,279.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Do you feel that the rural populations possibly in the Grand Canyon area would stabilize if they're left alone?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=280.0,285.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: animal populations especially those in in areas of stress, may stabilize without predators or without any any any artificial control on their numbers. For reasons that They simply work out among themselves. I am being a bit mystical saying that, but it is a mystery to understand what limits animal populations. There's an intense interest in this among ecologists, a great deal of work has been done, a variety of theories are proposed. And it looks as though different groups of animals and different types of climates result in different outcomes to the problem of limits. Nowhere I believe nowhere do do animal populations truly destroy their habitat in a in a permanent way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=286.0,331.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Then you feel that the borough's and the plant communities can coexist in the Grand Canyon area. compatibly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=332.0,337.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is my this is this is my expectation. And surely we won't know until we look at this thing carefully over a period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=338.0,345.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I've been talking with Dr. Paul Martin, Professor of geosciences at the University of Arizona and a paleo ecologist this has been accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mark beech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847#t=346.0,348.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73820/file/159847/transcript/37718/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/718/original/azu_ms641-055_side1_a.vtt?1652742084","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/718/original/azu_ms641-055_side1_a.vtt?1652742084"}]}]}]}