{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/2z12n50c0q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Episode 8705: Maria Urquides"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["KPOL"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Eyewitness to History videocassettes, MS 685, box 1, tape 3"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Chanin, Abraham S., 1921- (interviewer)","Urquides, Maria (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1987"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham (Abe) Chanin interviews educator Maria Urquides.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["U-Matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS685.003 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Eyewitness to History videocassettes (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham (Abe) Chanin interviews educator Maria Urquides.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/160/210/small/azu_ms685-003_a.mp4_1653497508.jpg?1653497509","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms685-003_a.mp4"]},"duration":2240.918,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/160/210/small/azu_ms685-003_a.mp4_1653497508.jpg?1653497509","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/160/210/original/azu_ms685-003_a.mp4?1653497498","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2240.918,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["MS685-003 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome to eyewitness to history, your personal trip through history. I trip through history as we experienced it, and remember it. I trip through Living History. Professor HN, who is a veteran of a half century of Arizona journalism, we'll be your guide. You will visit with some of the state's most important personalities and your neighbors who are eyewitnesses to history. Today's guest is Maria who cadence a leader in bilingual Education?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=37.0,136.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Welcome to eyewitness to history. Our guest today is a very remarkable woman who came out of a Tucson barrio to lead the national struggle for Bilingual Education. Maria akitas has been widely honored for our efforts in this area. She also was a great educator, one of the greatest volunteer workers we've ever had in the community. And even now, out of many retirement, she is still doing volunteer work at the University Hospital. But I would like Maria to begin your story at the beginning and tell us something of your days. And living in the barrio. The land that now is taken up by the Tucson community center. Would you describe the early life in the barrio Maria?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=137.0,178.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Certainly. It's always a joy to describe that because it was a beautiful, beautiful time in my life. I was born at 162 South convent, where the entrance into the community center is now and 1908 So I go quite a ways back. always thank God for having a beautiful family. My father and my mother were just terrific. My father always emphasized education, working hard, giving more than was asked of you and not to cheat ever. Yeah, you had a large","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=179.0,218.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: family nights. How did you father support a family in those days and if I remember, early, they homesteaded out near the twin boots area in the desert. Tell us a little bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=219.0,229.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yes father had like you say homesteaded and tributes area he raised a few cattle. He had a man by the name of Gastelum Feliciano Gastelum working there, keeping it going, while he kept us here in town. Father worked for the Sheriff's Department. And then later years, you know, he started the occidental hotel with Levine and they had the first hotel where all the stage coaches would stop on the corner of Maya and Jackson. So that was his main support for quite a while until he became street Commissioner. And then he was street Commissioner for the city of Tucson for 28 years, and he died doing that job. What was remarkable about that wasn't my father was a very staunch Democrat and yet he worked for more Republican mayors than he did. Democrats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=230.0,283.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: You've told me in the past stories about what it was to come in the ghetto where they were mixed minority groups and us particularly told me about the role of the how the Chinese and the Hispanic intermingled and served their different roles in the body. Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=284.0,297.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: this is Yeah, like I say, a beautiful time in my life because we had the Papago, we had the Chinese, and the Mexican and American and the angle. And the beauty of it was a, that we all respected each other. And we understood what we brought to the community, what our strengths were, what our weaknesses were, the Papo would come in and furnish our fuel at that time, it came in with beautiful loads of Mesquite, and oak. And with a P nollie. And, and the Yota and your food out of it made Yes, so that they, you know, contributed to our food and also our fuel. The Mexican American, of course, we're the builders the con, you know, Adobe really was the building there. And the envelope well and of course some exterior like hakomi who had a department store but the fragments were there shoe store and, and beauty and the families got along so beautifully, you know, I never will forget mother telling me that the first time she saw Barley was in a soup bone that Mrs. Drachman had brought over to her house after they she cooked soup with a soup bone. And here she says she saw these little things in the soup and this is not my gosh, what is this? You know, and it was here was a pearl barley stuck into the, the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=298.0,385.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: levels of probably European recipe and she had good, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=386.0,390.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So it was really very, and the one big thing here too, was that the Chinese they were terrific. The Chinese knew that in order to get along, they had to become multilingual. Those Chinese learned pappadeaux Mexican, I mean Spanish and English is remarkable. Without and of course, they furnished all our vegetables, they used to farm by the Santa Cruz River, believe it or not, and then they'd come. My dad would rent them a little space in our vacant lot that we had right next to a house and they had their wagons in their house horses there. And they I remember going to sleep with a sing song of the Chinese fixing their vegetables beautifully on their wagons, covering them up with gunny sacks wetting them, so that the summer breeze at night would keep them fresh, and then they go all around Tucson with fresh vegetables, tremendous, you know, help for the community and and we respected them for that. So we each had our role, we knew what we had to do, and we did it. And we all got along beautifully. The angles all spoke Spanish in Spanish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=391.0,466.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Yeah. How early in your life? Did you get it into your mind that you wanted to be a teacher?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=467.0,473.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I tell you who got it into my mind and that was Mary botch God rest her soul. She was terrific. She was what we call it that time a homeroom teacher. And that was when I was a junior in high school. Before that in high school. I had been interested in sports. I was captain the baseball team. I made Allstate forward ASKET ball and basketball and had a tremendous time. But Mary, we used to have, believe it or not, at that time, where we call girls social hours, where the girls would get together you know, and sing and dance together nowadays. You gotta have millennia. And she heard me sing. And she thought she she was good friend of my gender back. They both come up from Kansas. So she talked to imagine says, Look, I heard a beautiful voice. And I want you to hear her. So she brought me up to my daughter Baxter. Office and and maj had some music on top of the piano and she says, you're here you can sing in as well. Yes, I sing. And she said, Well, what song up here? Do you know and I saw roses start shining and pick her day and I said I can sing that. And she says witches. Roses are shining in Picardy. So she turned around and Marian she's a yeah, she's gonna need work isn't let me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=474.0,551.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: break right there for a moment. We'll be right back to get to the start of your teaching career. We'll be back in just a moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=552.0,599.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So let's go back now to those days when you were just beginning to get you're interested in becoming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=600.0,609.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: well, this really led, you know, my association with maj then who took me or did Lillian kava, who was a dramatic art teacher, and she gave me lessons in public speaking and that and when Mary saw I developed and that she came to me, she was my homeroom teacher and said, Hey, you're not taking any college preparatory classes? And I said, No, I'm not going to college. So what are you going to do? I said, I'll work at stifles, and or how can we say? She says, No, you're going to be an elementary school teacher? And I said, I am? She says, Yes, you are. So then she went and spoke to my dad about Tempe, State Teachers College, and how it only took two years to get out there. And and I should become an elementary school teacher. Well, at that time, as you well know, for a Mexican American Girl at 16 to leave home or was or 18. It was pretty drastic, but he faced it with my mother and my oldest brother. And so I went to Dempsey State Teachers College,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=610.0,669.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: but you were one of the few Mexican American who went on to get a teaching degree. Yeah. And were there problems when you went? Well, you know, i By the way, we shouldn't we should tell our viewing gods to tempt Steve, Tempe state teachers, because today is Arizona State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=670.0,686.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: versus State University. Yes, at that time, it was a Teacher's College, a beautiful Teachers College, they really did a tremendous job. Yes, it was difficult, both financially. And also the fact that I was Mexican American, and very few Mexican Americans, as you say, even considered college and going away to college was even more difficult. But it being a two year college and as as cheap as it was, at that time, why I went I also got a job there, singing at La casa, which was Senator Hayden's place, which is now a restaurant which is not yes, 100 cost of your house, a restaurant. And so I got along fine. And in fact, I received the governor's medal for being the best student teacher. And so I came then and applied to Mr. Rose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=687.0,743.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: superinten superintendent, schools,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=744.0,746.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: schools for Tucson district at that time. Usually, when you graduated from Teachers College, you had to go teach in a rural school before you came into city school, but he was kind enough to give me a job and I started teaching at Davis, Davis School in 1928.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=747.0,765.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: All right, and tell us a little bit about the experience of teaching in that day. And well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=766.0,770.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: of course, at that time, Davis was 98%, Mexican American Spanish speaking and we had the children from PASCO, the pepper, the yaki from a pasta yaki village. And about two or three black families at that time, one angle of family. And that's all and of course, at that time, Aria, Anita was low economic and all Spanish speaking. So all my my teaching there was geared to this type of student, I had a beautiful time i i was a social service worker as long as as well as the teacher I knew every single family","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=771.0,814.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: that was because you had to be involved with the family one time. Absolutely. Wasn't there also a reluctance, perhaps for students to go for the minority students to go on to higher schooling because they were needed to work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=815.0,826.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That's right. That's right. I when they were absent, I'd go and and I talked to the families and like you say, the with a male student dead Look, Mr. Gillis, he has to get out and help us and why go to school, he's going to be a ditch digger because that and the Mexican people accepted this, or he's going to work, you know, cleaning the streets, or he doesn't need an education do that as well. And the widow with a girls, it was a fact that they were going to be married. Since would they have to learn how to cook how to take care of children? And what if you answer those families? I told them the time was coming when that would not be so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=827.0,865.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: they didn't believe me, but they thought you were quite radical, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=866.0,868.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: suppose. And also the fact that you know, like, I always, my father always used to say you need an education. I said, Look, I don't care what they're going to become they need an education. And Tucson is going to grow and and there'll be other jobs. There'll be other jobs. And they they don't understand they they knew things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=869.0,891.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: You developed a great rapport with the families because to them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=892.0,896.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I absolutely well, they I was transferred from Davis school after teaching there for about 22 years, and oh, they they really, they started passing petitions to take to Dr. Morrow. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=897.0,913.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: but you had a remarkable experience. You didn't want to be transferred yet you were sent to an East Side school, Sam us, which was in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=914.0,921.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: restaurant. Oh, that was the most that was That was wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=922.0,926.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, you could have been bitter about it. But instead you, you found it an experience. That was a great word. It was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=927.0,930.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: a new challenge. And, and children are children, ape. And if you really are a teacher, and you love kids, you teach all kids. And that's one thing that I've always said, you know that my fight for Bilingual Education and has been something that I want all children to have not just the Mexican American child, but all children what I have wished for the Mexican American that wished for everyone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=931.0,958.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, that's the next thing we want to turn to is your struggle for Bilingual Education and something that that hasn't ended as a struggle, we still have a lot of people posted, we have now movement to make English the language of the country I was studying, which was the language of the country. I often wondered whether we were doing enough here to let us live here and understand Spanish well enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=959.0,985.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: before I leave my Sam Hughes experience, so I want to really say that that was a beautiful experience. And I want to thank all the people at CMU school for they really have had a very large part in in what maturity This is now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=986.0,1000.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Alright, we'll come back down the fight for bilingual education just after this break Okay. Maria, you came out of the barrio, you're in an area where Hispanics were a minority part part of the population. Yet you felt very strongly about the need for Bilingual Education. Would you begin by telling us why you felt and still feel the need for bilingual education?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1001.0,1076.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, when I moved from a Davis into Sam Hughes, I saw the difference between the education that these two class you know groups of students were getting, and how alienated they really were. And I thought my heavens this, you know, we have to bring these youngsters together because they're going to be the future of Tucson. And then Albert Brooks, who was to be the principal of Pueblo high school came down to the first grade Assam U school and says to me, I want you to come and teach for me at Pueblo. I said, come on. I'm a first grade teacher says that's why I need you a bi because of your experience in teaching reading, I need you at Pueblo. So I went to Pueblo I had to go back to school, get an Master's in secondary education, and then in masters and guidance and counseling. And when I saw what kind of of a high school students were graduating, who really didn't master English, and didn't master Spanish, and they were living really in a vacuum, and they didn't know who they were even you know or where they were going. And when I saw what joy I had and being bilingual and bicultural because by that time I really was bilingual and bicultural. And I had been going to Washington as you know when I was in the NEA a board of directors, so National Education Association, and then Johnson named me to some committees and Kennedy and I used to be able to sit in the Blue Room with Lady Bird Johnson and Eunice Kennedy, talking about women and about poverty. And then I would sit and sip tea in the room come back to Meijer streets go and sit down and eat my tortilla or with my chili con carne with my hand it and I thought this is beautiful, to be able to live into cultures like this, you know, and this everyone should expect Yes. And I thought that bilingual education was the link. Because if you know the language of a country, you can help and know the the culture. So also we would, it was a shame to these children, these students that could that had the potential they brought this potential into school to become bilingual. And yet we're telling them no, you have to forget your language, you have to forget your culture. You have to learn English to be a success. Well, how much more successful Could you be being bilingual than just being you know, speaking English, and then not speaking very well, if you had a lot of opposition, a lot of opposition. And and the strange part about it is that much of the opposition came from the Mexican American. The why was that? Because the angles society has done a very good job of indoctrinating us with the fact that we could not succeed unless we learned English. Well, I wasn't saying you have to forget English, I would say you learn English and Spanish both. And so that was a tough decision they had to make because they really thought well, no, they have to learn. They have to learn English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1077.0,1271.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: you fought the battle on a national level and you won","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1272.0,1274.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: it. Well. I think the battle hasn't been won yet. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1275.0,1278.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: that's what I want you. Yeah, we have bilingual programs in Arizona. Yes. Are they what they should be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1279.0,1285.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, I would say that, no, I want the angular together to right now. It's only the Mexican American that is getting the the Spanish instruction. And they are becoming bilingual. And this is wonderful. But besides that, they know who they are a, they have learned that that being a Mexican is is is wonderful. It's beautiful. We have contributed, because through the teaching of the language, I've also taught the culture and they're very proud now of being Mexican Americans. There was a time you know, when it wasn't so hot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1286.0,1323.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: But let me just let's get a little more pointed on it. You're not fully satisfied with the program today though. Why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1324.0,1330.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Because I think that the English speaking students should be getting a two also. You see just they're not really becoming bilingual, bicultural, typically bilingual but they're, they're not learning very much about the other culture either. They're becoming bilingual, alright, but not by cultural or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1331.0,1354.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: they teach you enough history about the Hispanic contribution Arizona and the Mexican culture of our neighbors, just the south to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1355.0,1363.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: To the Mexican American, but you see the anglers not getting it not enough they are no. And this is what has contributed to raising the image of the Mexican American himself. He knows now he is what his contributions to civilization has been. And they're proud of it. But what I wanted was the the angula together to so that they would learn that we will learn how to live with each other and respect each other the way we did way back when I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1364.0,1391.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: what about this movement to establish English as the national language? What are your feelings? I'd","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1392.0,1396.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: like to know who in this world does not know that English is the official language in the United States of America. That's my first question. The second grade is it's it's foolishness. It's silliness. It's absolutely. I thought that we had grown up. But we're going back now way back to when you know, to this 60s, late 55. It's a shame because it's only going to cause the division that we used to have before. No one is denying that English is the official language. But what we're saying is that the United States of America can no longer become the, you know, remain the leader of nations unless they learn other than English. All right, they have to they have to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1397.0,1450.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So we're still the problem of bilingual education exists. We don't have it solved yet. And you want to see that the work continues to make it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1451.0,1460.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: absolute. All right, absolutely. Not only the Spanish, you know, we have, oh, gosh, the richness that we have in America. We're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1461.0,1470.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: cheetahs, I want to tell you that you've always been an inspiration to those who have followed your career. You've been an inspiration to not hundreds but 1000s of youngsters who've benefited from your teaching. And I want to say to you, which is gaseous. Thank you very much for being with us today on eyewitness to history. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1471.0,1488.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: thank you for the opportunity to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1489.0,1670.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: chanin and I will be posed to eyewitness to history. Our show this week will feature two great national figures from Arizona. Morris Udall and Stewart Udall. We hope you'll be with us. Okay, easier to get your tombstone here with pardon? Is it easier to get your cubes? No, I can see it from back there. It's just catch because I was doing the 22nd now we're down to 15","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1671.0,1701.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: All we need is this week on eyewitness to history plus the guests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1702.0,1705.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Okay, we're gonna cut cut that again. All right. 15 seconds. All right now we know what we need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1706.0,1710.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Standby please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1711.0,1714.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is a Shannon I want to tell you about our new show opening on Channel 40 eyewitness to history. Our guest this week will be the Udall brothers Stewart and Maurice who made such an impact on Arizona and the national scene. Please be with us on channel 40.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1715.0,1735.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Now we're ready for the next","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1736.0,1736.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: one we're going to do Laura banks and Bob Morrow. All right. This week, eyewitness to history will study the desegregation of Tucson schools with two outstanding guests. Bob Morrow the former superintendent schools and Laura banks, nobles, who came out of a desegregated school out of a set. Gotta hit that again. I got the desegregation the segregated mixed up. We got to cut that a little bit anyhow. This week on eyewitness to history. We will study the desegregation of schools in Tucson with guest superintendent Bob Morrow. Let's let's hit it once more, get the former superintendent in. Okay. We'll jazz it down this time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1737.0,1799.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This week I witnessed the history will study the desegregation of Tucson schools with two guests. The former superintendent Bob Morrow and Laura banks, nobles. UPS got that cockeyed again. All right. Let me get let me get that down here. All right, hit it once more. This week I witnessed a history we'll study the desegregation of Tucson schools with two outstanding guests, the former superintendent Bob Morrow, and Laura banks who came through desegregated that's awful, segregated schools. All right, let me have it one more time. This week I witnessed the history will study the desegregation of Tucson schools with two outstanding guests, the former superintendent Bob Morrow and Laura nobles banks who came from a segregated school to become assistant superintendent of schools. We hope you'll be with us this week. Okay. Lawrence Clark Powell. This week I witnessed the history brings you one of the outstanding writers and essays on Southwest history Lawrence Clark Powell. You will find his salty talk and Arizona history. most refreshing be with us this week on eyewitness to history that we're getting. I witnesses to history this week turns to the athletic story at the University of Arizona. With an interview with the former athletic director Dick Clawson. You will find the show revealing and fascinating be with us this week on eyewitness to history. All right. This week I witnessed history turns to the story of athletic History at the University of Arizona with an interview with Dick Clawson, the former athletic director. The interview will bring you some new stories and some old tales about a great period in Arizona history. Be with us this week. Now mario or key this this week on eyewitness to history. We will bring you one of the outstanding personalities in Tucson Maria or akitas who led the fight for Bilingual Education and was one of our great teachers be sure to be with us this week on eyewitness to history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1800.0,1986.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: job good job okay, relax for a second okay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=1987.0,2007.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: today I witnessed the history takes you to the Southwest Center headquarters for interview with two of the great figures from Arizona political history, Maurice and Stewart Udall. Okay, if you'd like to do it again another one right now you want to do the other with the question the whole thing. Okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=2008.0,2046.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the same introduction you did before. Plus, I was talking to Stuart about what it was like to grow up in a small town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=2047.0,2053.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I was talking or we but how about King the question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=2054.0,2058.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: We asked steward what it was like to grow up in a small town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=2059.0,2062.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: All right, okay. All right. Today I witnessed to history goes to the Southwest Center for an interview with two of our great political figures in Arizona history. Stewart and Maurice Udall. Stewart Udall rose to become Secretary of the Interior in the Kennedy administration. And Morris Udall of course today is still serving as our congressman from district two. What I wanted to begin the interview with was how it was to come from the small city of St. St. John's in northeastern Arizona. To stretch to a great career from Arizona to Washington. My first question was to the elder of the to Stewart Udall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=2063.0,2116.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: That was really good. And one more time, please, just for the sake of safety.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=2117.0,2122.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: All right. For today's eyewitness to history, we went to the Southwest Center for a special interview with two of Arizona's great political figures steward and Maurice Udall, Stewart Udall rose to become Secretary of the Interior in the Kennedy administration. And Maurice Udall, of course, still serves as Congressman from district two. I began the interview by asking Stewart the elder, what it was to grow up in a small town in St. John's, Northeastern Arizona, and begin a career there that stretched all the way through Arizona politics and to Washington. My first question was to Stuart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=2123.0,2171.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Perfect, thank you very much. Great","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210#t=2172.0,2174.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1978/collection_resources/74350/file/160210/transcript/38291/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/038/291/original/azu_ms685-003_a.vtt?1654113163","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/038/291/original/azu_ms685-003_a.vtt?1654113163"}]}]}]}