{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/1j9765b95j/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dr. William Hoffman"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona, box 1, reel 36"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Beach, Mort (interviewer)","Hoffman, William F. (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["7/15/1977"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Program topics - Interview with Dr. William Hoffman."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio tape"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS641.036 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Program topics - Interview with Dr. William Hoffman."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms641-036_side1_a.mp3"]},"duration":605.02523,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/485/original/azu_ms641-036_side1_a.mp3?1651790810","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":605.02523,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["641-036 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is accent on the University of Arizona. I'm Mark beech, a unique telescope. In fact, the only one of its kind in the world is now being built at Mount Hopkins in the Santa Rita mountains about 35 miles south of Tucson. The University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory are cooperating and its construction. University of Arizona astronomy professor Dr. William Hoffman is a project scientist on the construction project. Dr. Hoffman what makes this telescope so unique?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=7.0,37.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well mortis telescope is called the multiple mirror telescope or mmt for short. And as the name implies, it's made up of more than one segment. The traditional large astronomical telescopes have a single large primary light collecting mirror, which is then further magnified by a secondary mirror and other optics. In the case of the mmt, we have a collection of six complete telescopes on a single mount with the light from each further deflected by flat mirrors and combined to a final composite image plane where we get a single image and use it just as you would use any conventional large telescope. We've taken this approach in the mmt for two reasons, which I would certainly be happy to go into,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=38.0,92.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: please do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=93.0,94.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: One of the reasons is that many astronomers are concerned by what seems to be an impasse and building large telescopes. to answer some of the most exciting questions in astronomy today about the early history of the universe and the character of very distant objects. We need much larger collecting areas, larger telescopes, but the technological fact of the matter is, it is very difficult, if not possible, impossible to produce mirrors much larger than the 200 inch telescope on Mount Palomar in Southern California. As the mirrors get larger, it's difficult to fabricate them to the furnace size becomes prohibitively large and expensive. And it's impossible to transport them to the site. So in looking forward to a super large telescope, a new approach has to be taken. And we hope the mmt is is an effort to pave the way for the new approach, namely, to put together a very large telescope out of the elements of smaller telescopes. And so although the mmt, with an equivalent size of 175 inches, will only be the third largest telescope in the world when it's completed, it may pave the way for telescopes as large as several 100 or 1000 inches in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=95.0,184.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: What really is the advantage then of this type of telescope over other conventional ones?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=185.0,190.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, the the advantage of making it possible to build a super large telescope is the very prime one. In addition, for any given size, we feel it's a substantial cost saving over building a telescope of a single large mirror, a cost saving of a factor of between two and three. And of course for a project to gain a very large telescope for the University of Arizona, and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The cost saving was what made it possible for us to get this telescope at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=191.0,228.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: How will the telescope the mmt actually be used when it's completed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=229.0,233.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, Martin, it is a large optical and infrared telescope. It's a general purpose telescope, we have quite a number of ideas of how we would like to use it based on what astronomers at the university and that Smithsonian are now excited about doing. Some of these items are the investigation of the Formation and early history of stars. This requires a great deal of observation in the infrared part of the spectrum. And totally different issue is the question of the properties are very distant objects, the cue Essos or quasi stellar objects as they're called, which are at great distances at the very fringe of the universe. By studying these objects. We not only study the very outer reaches of the universe, but because the light has taken billions of years to get from these objects to us. We're also studying the very early history of the universe. And these objects are faint and they require very large telescopes for Observing. These are just two examples of what we know we'd like to do with the mmt. But as with any large instrument of this sort, what we do over the next two or three decades, will depend on the discoveries in astronomy that happened,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=234.0,314.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: who will be using a telescope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=315.0,318.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: The astronomers at the University of Arizona at steward observatory at the Lunar and Planetary laboratory, and other parts of the campus. And as well, other Arizona astronomers at Arizona State University and Northern Arizona University will use the telescope. And in addition, of course, the astronomers at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, then we've agreed to set aside approximately 10% of the time on the telescope for outside guest observers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=319.0,352.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Was there any particular reason for locating it on Mount Hopkins, south of Tucson doctor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=353.0,359.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, there are there are reasons choice of a site for telescope is matter of course of prime importance because we require what we call good seating, that is good stability of the atmosphere. So the images of the stars are sharp, we require dry place, because in the infrared, the water vapor absorbs the radiation from astronomical sources. And we requires site where lights from the city don't reflect off aerosols in the high atmosphere to produce a bright nighttime sky. And furthermore, we require a site near city or university where astronomers enjoy living and can practice their trade actively. And of course, Tucson provides to a fair extent, all of these, and we chose the Santa Rita mountains south of Tucson, in particular, because they had access, they combined these features and being south of Tucson. The light pollution problem, which is potentially very severe in this area, is ameliorated somewhat by the fact that most of the observing is toward the south rather than toward the north.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=360.0,437.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: One mill installation of the mmt began.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=438.0,440.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, it really has begun mark, the building on the summit has been erected. And she's and now details work on the interior is progressing. The mount is fully installed in the building, and will be further tested in late August. And the what we call optical support structure, the frame that holds all the mirrors is being constructed. In fact, it's very nearly fully constructed in fabrication plant in California, and is due to be shipped to the site in late August. And we should be installing that onto the mount in September.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=441.0,486.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: When will it be in operation then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=487.0,489.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, if schedules continue to move, we'll be putting the optics in at the very end of the year or the first month of 1978. And we should be at the event we call first light The first time we attempt to, to look through the telescope in the winter of 1978.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=490.0,511.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Everything we've been talking about someone leads up to this final question, Dr. Will other telescopes of this type be built? Do you feel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=512.0,519.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, because I don't know the answer. But there's a lot of interest in in doing just that and more. Because of course, this telescope is pioneering a technique but not a size and the real excitement if it is to solve the problem of larger telescopes. There is a study program being carried out right now at Kitt Peak national observatory investigating what they call the next generation telescope might be. And the basic theme is to extend this concept of a multiple mirror telescope or a segmented primary telescope to a very large, perhaps 1000 inch telescope. If, technically, they come up with a design which seems practical and feasible to build there'll be a great deal of interest pushing for such a device.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=520.0,575.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I've been talking with Dr. William Hoffman, University of Arizona astronomy professor and a project scientist on the multiple mirror telescope project. This has been accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mark beech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485#t=576.0,578.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73802/file/159485/transcript/37707/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/707/original/azu_ms641-036_side1_a.vtt?1652740705","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/707/original/azu_ms641-036_side1_a.vtt?1652740705"}]}]}]}