{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/183416ts2m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dr. Ray White on Observational Astronomy in Arizona"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona, box 2, reel 40"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Beach, Mort (interviewer)","White, Raymond E. (interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1/1/1977"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Arizona--Tucson (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Program topics - Interview with Dr. Ray White who discusses observational astronomy in Arizona."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio tape"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["MS641.085 (uid)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Accent: On University of Arizona (part of)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["University of Arizona"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Program topics - Interview with Dr. Ray White who discusses observational astronomy in Arizona."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright held by University of Arizona Libraries"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Arizona Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/038/original/university-libraries-logo-2x.png?1711560609","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - azu_ms641-085_side1_a.mp3"]},"duration":648.23175,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-arizona.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/159/893/original/azu_ms641-085_side1_a.mp3?1652815386","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":648.23175,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["641-085 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: This is accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mork beach, the state of Arizona and particularly the southern part of the state is the focus of observational astronomy in the United States. Dr. Ray White is a lecturer and research associate at the University of Arizona's steward observatory. re imagine our neighbors to the west of us and California might take offense with that opening statement, is there any way we can qualify it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=3.0,28.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, we can, we can demonstrate that in fact, it is true, more the this part of the country, notably the state of Arizona, and most notably this South southern part of Arizona, and it really does enjoy quite a an advantage over the California observatories, in terms of the numbers of astronomers we have per unit population in Tucson, and as well as the numbers of telescopes and the amount of telescopic surface area one has to play with here. California certainly does enjoy the what is now the second largest telescope in the world and, and one slightly smaller and, and they have a lot of astronomers there. And some of them are even my best friends, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=29.0,73.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: as Arizona always spend the astronomical capital of the United States. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=74.0,77.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: indeed, this this self assumed title, I must confess, has only come to southern Arizona since the national observatory, the Kitt Peak national Observatory, located here, in preference to a California site or another site, other sites that were looked at here and within the state itself, such as Flagstaff, where there is a few observatories as well. And when they came here in 1958, why that that set the scene and because the national observatory is here, we we have a visiting us each day practically anywhere from six to 20. Astronomers from from from around the contrary, which you know, we have a floating population of about six to 20 astronomers daily, who are working at Kitt Peak for various reasons. But they the presence of the national observatory added a certain impetus in development of the astronomy program at the University of Arizona. And that program began with Gerard Peter clapper coming down in 63. With the nucleus of what has become the Lunar and Planetary lab, they set up a number of observatories in the Catalina Mountains, which are which are part and parcel the University of Arizona. When they came, there was already a very small department here in department of astronomy, the steward observatory is the oldest institution in the state insofar as degree granting institution is concerned because the Flagstaff observatory has none of them. Have a degree program, the Lowell Observatory doesn't have a degree program, it's a private foundation supported observatory. And the Naval Observatory naturally doesn't have a degree granting status. There is a small Astronomy Department at the at Northern Arizona University, and I think they've just instituted a bachelor's program. But our Ph D. program here at Stuart has been in effect since about 1963 or four itself, and that we just naturally grew in response to the demand from across the street, you know, across cherry Avenue. With this big operation going on over there why steward kind of grew like Topsy again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=78.0,221.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: you were talking about per capita astronomers in Tucson, the numbers here what's really drawn these astronomers to this area?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=222.0,229.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well, again, the the focal point has been the proximity, the National observatory, the availability of other astronomers, just to talk things over with you know, the the kidpik astronomers are very fine bunch of people very accessible. They have provided a certain expertise that that we've all drawn from, for instance, our 90 inch telescope, when we built that in, in 69, it's effectively a carbon copy mechanically of the 84 inch telescope at Kitt Peak, we didn't have to do any other engineering. Because the people that build our telescope also built Kitt Peak telescope. And and so we derived a certain benefit from that engineering having having already been done and we got a much we got a slightly larger telescope because the cell could accommodate a larger mirror for relatively quite a bit less prior, you know, the price wasn't nearly as dear. The the the other thing is that southern Arizona is just naturally a fine sight with regard to the natural weather conditions. I line three that that local and recent circumstances might give me the lie on that. But we've known for years that we had to cope with a more or less summertime monsoon season. And so, you know, around July and August, why everybody's downs tools, we may have to shift that schedule a little bit. But now we have observatories on practically every mountain range around Tucson, except for the ring contact very mountains. There's some small telescopes in the Tucson mountains. To mark Hill particularly, we have a very large complex going on it at Mount Hopkins, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory has been there for a number of years, and there's been a 60 inch telescope in operation, among others, down at Mount Hopkins for, gosh, 10 years or so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=230.0,346.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: And now they're going to have a new addition there before long. In fact, the base of it, I believe, is already been installed as right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=347.0,351.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: the base and the superstructure of the end, the end, the exterior structure of the of the dome, on Mount Hopkins is now complete. For the multiple mirror telescope, we call it the mmt, the multiple mirror telescope, it's a telescope that has 672 inch mirrors, and instead of one large mirror, and the total effect of the 672 inch mirrors is about the same in terms of light gathering power and everything of an equivalent single mirror of 176 inches in diameter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=352.0,384.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: So maybe this is the new way to go. And telescopes then, certainly is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=385.0,388.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: there is that thinking behind the construction of this particular piece of equipment that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=389.0,394.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: that's less expensive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=395.0,395.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: much less, it's much in this configuration that the mmt is being built in right now. It is not nearly as long in its tubular structure and things like that. It does have its own peculiar set of problems and and, you know, in for some things that may vitiate the usefulness of that particular design, but we're certainly going going ahead with this project with a zeal that I haven't seen attending, you know, ordinary telescope construction for a long, long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=396.0,429.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: One of the things we haven't touched on Ray and that's the fact that light ordinances in this area may have had some bearing on the fact that more telescopes are being built around here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=430.0,439.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I think that is a very good case for why the mmt is located here. It would have been located somewhere because the project was going to go ahead and since it's a joint project of the Smithsonian and steward, why it was natural to put it in a place that was accessible to both quite easily and that made mount Hopkins pretty much of a natural choice, but the fact that that Pima County and and the city of Tucson particularly have ordinances regulating exterior light the forms of exterior lighting that that are you know permitted played a quite a role in finally adopting mount Hopkins as a site for what will be the third largest the second largest telescope in the United States and the fourth largest in the world or something like that, can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=440.0,492.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: individuals and businesses do even more to cut down the light pollution problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=493.0,496.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: Well that the ordinance is specifically addressed to things such as street lighting, commercial lighting, you know, advertising signs, and things like that the the most pernicious and troublesome source for for us at all the sites, the Catalina site, the Kitt Peak site, the mount Hopkins site is the the proliferation or the the the way that the mercury vapor lamp has spread throughout the Pima County and the city of Tucson. The the mercury vapor is simply the mercury vapor lamp without a shield and without the filter that has now become available simply destroys the the bright sky It makes it too bright for the you know, for these large telescopes to to you to be used usefully efficiently, efficiently on in the spectral ranges in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we're interested in. We're the most energetic part that's available to optical astronomers is that is the you know sort of the green blue violet into the spectrum and the mercury vapor lamps simply destroy that part of the spectrum because there's two very bright purple lines and one bright blue line which emission Okay, these are bright lines not not not absorption lines on that part of the spectrum","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=497.0,593.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: talking about an observing missioner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=594.0,596.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: observed emission, right they they they just shine like little search lights, and they scattered through the atmosphere. And cause even though the light might be in Tucson, the sky over these remote sites is bright in these spectral ranges because the light rattles around the atmosphere and winds up overhead. It could be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=597.0,616.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: it's still a problem. That's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=617.0,617.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: a great problem and the ordinances have ameliorated quite a bit the total effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=618.0,622.999"},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN SPEAKER: I've been talking about Dr. Ray white lecture and research associate at the University of Arizona's Stewart observatory. This has been accent on the University of Arizona, I'm Mark beech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893#t=623.0,625.0"}]},{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://arizona.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1953/collection_resources/73849/file/159893/transcript/37756/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/756/original/azu_ms641-085_side1_a.vtt?1652815419","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/037/756/original/azu_ms641-085_side1_a.vtt?1652815419"}]}]}]}